Egypt Energy Information

Total Energy Consumption

Energy consumption per capita stands at 0.97 toe, including 1 550 kWh of electricity (2019).

The total energy consumption increased by 3% in 2018 and 1.5% in 2019 after growing by more than 7% in 2016 and 2017. It grew by 1%/year between 2010 and 2015, after a 6%/year increase over 2000-2010.

Graph: CONSUMPTION TRENDS BY ENERGY SOURCE (Mtoe)

Interactive Chart Egypt Total Energy Consumption

Crude Oil Production

Oil production has declined by 11% since 2014, of which 2.6% in 2019 to 31 Mt. Production is concentrated in the Western Desert (56%) and the Gulf of Suez (20%).

Egypt is a net exporter of crude oil (net exports of 3.1 Mt in 2019). As a result of Egypt's policy to permit foreign oil producers to export more crude oil as repayment of EGPC's financial debt, crude oil exports have not declined over the past few years, despite decreasing output.

The country has a refining capacity of 904 kb/d (end of 2020).

Interactive Chart Egypt Crude Oil Production

Oil Products Consumption

The consumption of oil products decreased by 12% between 2015 and 2018 and remained stable in 2019 at 35 Mt. Before that, it had increased strongly between 2003 and 2012 (5%/year). The recent drop is mainly due to lower consumption for power generation (-40% between 2015 and 2019).

The largest share of the oil consumption is absorbed by the transport sector (48%), followed by industry (19%), the power sector (18%), and buildings (13%) (2019).

Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)

Interactive Chart Egypt Refined Oil Products Production

Natural Gas Consumption

Gas consumption increased by a third between 2015 and 2018 (+8%/year on average) and remained largely stable in 2019 (62 bcm). That rapid trend was mainly driven by industry and electricity production. Previously, it had increased strongly from 2000 to 2008 (almost 12%/year) and fluctuated between 2008 and 2014.

Over 60% of the gas is used for the generation of electricity, and about a quarter in industry.

Graph: NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION (bcm)

Interactive Chart Egypt Natural Gas Domestic Consumption

Coal Consumption

Coal consumption has increased significantly since 2017 from 3 Mt to 7 Mt in 2019. Coal is primarily consumed by industry (99% in 2019).

Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)

Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2019, %)

Interactive Chart Egypt Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption

Power Consumption

Electricity consumption growth has slowed down since 2011 (3%/year compared to 6%/year between 2000 and 2011) and slightly less rapidly since 2013.

Households absorb 41% of that consumption, followed by industry (29%) and services (20%) (2019).

Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)

Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2019, %)

Renewable in % Electricity Production

NREA, New & Renewable Energy Authority, was created in 1986 under the supervision of MERE to promote renewables.

The Renewable Energy Law (2014) establishes different schemes for the private development of renewable energy projects, including the IPP public competitive bidding process, feed-in tariffs (FIT), and private-to-private sale of electricity from renewables.

Interactive Chart Egypt Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

CO₂ Fuel Combustion/CO₂ Emissions

In its first NDC, Egypt plans to phase out energy subsidies within three or five years and, possibly, to create a national carbon market. It also aims to rely on renewables and nuclear. The initial total estimated cost of implementing adaptation measures is estimated at US$73bn.

CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion declined by 2% in 2019, to 237 MtCO₂. Previously, they increased by 3%/year over 2014-2018.

Graph: CO₂-ENERGY EMISSIONS (MtCO₂)