Egypt Energy Information

Total Energy Consumption

Energy consumption per capita stands at 0.93 toe in 2020 (-2.9% compared to 2019), including 1 490 kWh of electricity (+1%).

The total energy consumption decreased by around 0.9% in 2020. Previously, it had increased by 3.8%/year between 2013 and 2019.

Graph: CONSUMPTION TRENDS BY ENERGY SOURCE (Mtoe)

Interactive Chart Egypt Total Energy Consumption

Crude Oil Production

Since 2014, oil production has declined by an average of 2.4%/year, reaching 30 Mt in 2020. Production is concentrated in the Western Desert (56%) and the Gulf of Suez (20%).

Imports of crude oil declined by 7% in 2020 to 4.9 Mt, while exports increased by 8% to 9.1 Mt.

The country has a refining capacity of 810 kb/d (end of 2020).

In 2020, ERC inaugurated its 4.7 Mt/year (94 kb/d) refinery in Qalioubiya, in the Mostorod region. Production is sold to EGPC at international prices under a 25-year off-take agreement. The project required an investment of US$3.4bn.

Interactive Chart Egypt Crude Oil Production

Oil Products Consumption

Since 2015, oil consumption declined by around 3%/year on average, because of lower consumption for power generation (-8.5%/year since 2015) and price increases. Previously, it had increased by 5.3%/year between 2003 and 2015.

The largest share of the oil consumption is absorbed by the transport sector (49%), followed by the power sector (18%), buildings (14%), and industry (10%).

Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)

Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2020, %)

Interactive Chart Egypt Refined Oil Products Production

Natural Gas Consumption

Gas consumption declined by 2.6% in 2020 to 61 bcm. Previously, it had increased since 2014 by around 7.6%/year, driven by electricity production.

Over 60% of the gas is used for the generation of electricity and about a quarter in industry.

Graph: NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION (bcm)

Graph: GAS CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2020, %)

Interactive Chart Egypt Natural Gas Domestic Consumption

Coal Consumption

Coal consumption grew from 0.3 Mt in 2016 to 5.1 Mt in 2018, but dropped to 1.7 Mt in 2020.

Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)

Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2020, %)

Interactive Chart Egypt Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption

Power Consumption

Since 2011, electricity consumption has increased steadily - by around 3%/year, reaching 159 TWh in 2020 - driven by services (+11%/year). Previously, the rise in electricity consumption had been two times faster (6.4%/year between 1990 and 2011).

Households absorb 39% of that consumption, followed by industry (30%) and services (25%) (2020).

Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)

Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2020,%)

Renewable in % Electricity Production

NREA, New & Renewable Energy Authority, was created in 1986 under the supervision of MERE to promote renewables.

The Renewable Energy Law (2014) establishes different schemes for the private development of renewable energy projects, including the IPP public competitive bidding process, feed-in tariffs (FIT), and private-to-private sale of electricity from renewables.

Interactive Chart Egypt Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

CO₂ Fuel Combustion/CO₂ Emissions

In its first NDC, Egypt plans to phase out energy subsidies within three or five years and, possibly, to create a national carbon market. It also aims to rely on renewables and nuclear. The total cost of implementing adaptation measures is estimated at US$73bn.

CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion declined by 9% in 2020, to 215 MtCO₂. Previously, they increased by 3.3%/year over 2014-2019.

Graph: CO₂-ENERGY EMISSIONS (MtCO₂)