Egypt energy report

• Egypt will not open the power sector to private investors until 2025 and has delayed the IPO program for state-owned oil and gas companies.
• The authorities target a 42% share of renewables in the power mix in 2035.
• The state-owned power utility EEHC dominates power generation and has a monopoly over transmission and distribution.
• Eni is the main gas producer. It restarted the Damietta LNG plant in 2021.
• Gas production is increasing rapidly (13%/year since 2015).
• The power mix is dominated by gas (78%).
• The authorities reduced energy subsidies from 4% of GDP in 2014-15 to 0.3% of GDP in 2020-21 as part of an IMF program.
• In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, Egypt lowered electricity tariffs for industry by 9% in 2020.
• Total energy consumption rebounded by more than 6% in 2021, after a slight reduction in 2020.
• Since 2014, gas consumption rose by almost 8%/year.
• Construction of the El Dabaa nuclear power plant by Rosatom started in July 2022.
• The country aims to become an energy hub, with a focus on hydrogen; it multiplies gas and power interconnection projects.

• Institutions & Energy Policy

  Two ministries share the main responsibility for the energy sector: the Ministry of Petroleum (MOP), which oversees the hydrocarbon sector and holds participation in state-owned oil & gas companies, and the Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy (MERE), which supervises several agencies, including the New & Renewable Energy Authority, the Nuclear Power Plants Authority, and the Hy

• Energy Companies

  Oil:

  The sector is dominated by national oil company EGPC (Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation), which operates either directly or through different subsidiaries.

• Energy Supply

  Oil:

  Since 2014, oil production has declined by an average of 2.7%/year, reaching 29 Mt in 2021. Production is concentrated in the Western Desert (56%) and the Gulf of Suez (20%).

  Egypt is a net exporter of crude oil, with 5.8 Mt in 2021.

• Energy Prices

  Oil:

  In 2019, Egypt introduced a fuel price indexation scheme. As a smoothing mechanism, the formula caps the quarterly change in retail prices from movements in variable cost at 10%. To contribute to finance the cost of the pandemic, in 2020, the country imposed a development fee on gasoline and diesel fuel.

• Energy Consumption

  Energy consumption per capita stands at 0.97 toe in 2021, including 1 700 kWh of electricity.

  Total energy consumption rebounded by 6% in 2021, after a 1% decrease in 2020. Previously, it had increased by around 4%/year between 2013 and 2019.

  Graph: CONSUMPTION TRENDS BY ENERGY SOURCE (Mtoe)

• Issues & Prospects

  Electricity:

  Egypt aims to boost its capacity by up to 30 GW by 2025, 8 GW of which should come from renewables. EEHC plans to add 13 GW of thermal capacity totalling $20bn in investments between 2022 and 2027.

  In 2016, the Ministry prepared a long-term strategy aimed at investing up to US$135bn to provide 51 GW of electricity until 2035.

• GENERAL OVERVIEW
• INSTITUTIONS AND ENERGY POLICY
• ENERGY COMPANIES
• ENERGY SUPPLY
• ENERGY PRICES
• ENERGY CONSUMPTION
• ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
• DATA TABLES
• ABBREVIATIONS
• GLOSSARY

Download the Table of Contents

Below is a list of the Egypt energy market report graphs:

• GRAPH 1: CO₂-energy emissions (MtCO₂)
• GRAPH 2: Installed electric capacity by source (2021, %)
• GRAPH 3: Gross power production by source (TWh)
• GRAPH 4: Power generation by source (2021, %)
• GRAPH 5: Gasoline & diesel prices (US$/l)
• GRAPH 6: Electricity prices for industry and households (US$c/kWh)
• GRAPH 7: Consumption trends by energy source (Mtoe)
• GRAPH 8: Total consumption market share by energy (2021, %)
• GRAPH 9: Final consumption market share by sector (2021, %)
• GRAPH 10: Oil consumption (Mt)
• GRAPH 11: Oil consumption breakdown by sector (2021, %)
• GRAPH 12: Electricity consumption (TWh)
• GRAPH 13: Electricity consumption breakdown by sector (2021,%)
• GRAPH 14: Natural gas consumption (bcm)
• GRAPH 15: Gas consumption breakdown by sector (2021, %)
• GRAPH 16: Coal consumption (Mt)
• GRAPH 17: Coal consumption breakdown by sector (2021, %)

In the Egypt energy market report you will find the following tables:

• Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO₂ emissions.
• Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
• Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
• Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.
• Infrastructure Projects: Covers power plant projects by energy, technology, status and operator, gas plant projects by status and operator and LNG contracts.

The Egypt country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.

Data included in the excelsheet:

• Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
• Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
• CO₂: Total CO₂ emissions.
• Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
• Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO₂ emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.