Spain Energy Information

Spain Energy Research

- Spain's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: Spain aims for 48% renewables in energy consumption and 32% GHG reduction by 2030, with carbon neutrality by 2050. Coal will be phased out by 2026. The NECP 2024 outlines targets for energy efficiency, renewables, and emissions cuts. EUR 65bn is allocated for ecological transition, focusing on renewables, grids, storage, and hydrogen. The electricity market is liberalised, with regulated tariffs for vulnerable consumers. Spain is expanding energy storage and promoting green hydrogen, with significant investments in renewables and efficiency.

- Spain's Energy Companies: Spain's energy sector is dominated by Iberdrola, Endesa, and Naturgy, which together account for half of the country's power generation. Iberdrola leads in renewable energy, while Naturgy is the largest gas supplier. Repsol and Cepsa dominate the oil market. Key players in transmission and distribution include Redeia and Nedgia. The sector is undergoing significant investment in renewables and grid infrastructure, with a focus on decarbonisation and energy transition.

- Spain's Energy Supply & Demand: In 2024, Spain's energy mix saw a 75% share of CO₂-free generation, with oil dominating at 44%. Total energy consumption rose by 1% to 112 Mtoe, while per capita consumption was 17% below the EU average. Renewables accounted for 58% of electricity production, and CO₂ intensity of electricity generation fell by 55% since 2010. Spain also became a net exporter of electricity in 2022.

- Spain's Energy Use & Price by Sector: In 2024, Spain's final energy demand rose by 3% to 83.5 Mtoe, with oil dominating (51%) but declining since 2010. Transport was the largest consumer (39%), followed by households and services (32%). Electricity's share remained stable at 23%, though it must rise to 62% by 2050 to meet climate goals. Industrial energy use fell slightly, with gas increasing to 44.5%. Transport fuel prices dropped, while residential energy prices stabilised after 2022 spikes.

- Spain's Issues & Prospects: Spain aims to significantly expand its renewable energy capacity, targeting 76 GW of solar and 62 GW of wind power by 2030. The country is also advancing hydrogen production and storage projects, with substantial investments in solar, wind, and hydropower. Transmission infrastructure is being upgraded to support these renewables, while coal plants are being phased out. Green hydrogen initiatives are receiving notable funding, aligning with Spain's broader energy transition goals.

Spain Total Energy Production & Consumption

Total energy consumption increased by around 1% in 2024 to 112 Mtoe, after declining by 2%/year on average from 2017 to 2023. Total energy consumption per capita reached 2.3 toe in 2024, which is about 17% lower compared to the EU average.

Graph: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source

Source: Spain energy report

Interactive Chart Spain Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Spain Oil Production & Consumption

Crude oil and NGL production is negligible. Crude oil imports increased slightly - by 3% - in 2024, reaching 63.4 Mt, returning to its historical growth from 2010 to 2018. The main suppliers of crude in 2024 were the United States (16%), Brazil (14%), Mexico (13%), and Nigeria (11%).

Crude oil and NGL consumption reached 65 Mt in 2024 (+0.96%/year on average for the 2010-24 period).

Graph: Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Spain energy report

Interactive Chart Spain Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart Spain Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Spain Natural Gas Production & Consumption

The country's gas production is very limited (around 50 mcm in 2024).

The country's gas network is growing steadily and, in 2022, reached 94 785 km (compared to 37 000 km in 2000), including 13 361 km of primary and secondary transmission pipelines. The number of clients has increased from 4.2m in 2000 to 8m in 2025 with over 1 800 cities connected to the gas network.

Source: Spain energy report

Interactive Chart Spain Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Spain Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Spain stopped producing bituminous and brown coal in 2019. After a peak of 40 Mt between 1982 and 1985, production fell by about -15%/year between 2000 and 2016 to around 2 Mt.

Coal imports decreased by 62% in 2024 to 4 Mt (-16.5%/year over 2010-24), while the consumption has also seen a steady decrease since 2010, reaching almost 4 Mt in 2024 (-5%/year). The power sector represents the largest coal and lignite user, with almost 38% in 2024 (-39 pp since 2010), followed by industry (16%), and residential and services sector (3%).

Source: Spain energy report

Interactive Chart Spain Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Spain Renewable in % Electricity Production

Under the NECP 2023-2030, Spain will increase the share of renewables to 48% of final energy consumption, of which 81% is for power (up from 74%) and 28% for transport (up from 25%). In 2023, renewables covered 25% of the final consumption (56.9% for electricity, 21.5% for heating and cooling, and 12% in transport).

Source: Spain energy report

Interactive Chart Spain Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Spain GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

According to the NECP 2023-2030, Spain aims to reduce its GHG gas emissions by 32% in 2030 compared to 1990 levels (70% emission reduction in ETS sectors and 43% in other sectors); in 2023, they were 13% below 1990 levels and 44% below 2005.

In 2021, the Parliament approved the Law on Climate Change and Energy Transition, which aims for carbon neutrality by 2050.

Source: Spain energy report

Interactive Chart Spain CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data