Spain Key Figures
- Population:
- 47.8 million
- GDP growth rate:
- 2.50 %/year
- Energy independence:
- 32.3%
Data of the last year available: 2023
- Total consumption/GDP:*
- 65.9 (2005=100)
- CO2 Emissions:
- 4.29 tCO2/capita
- Rate of T&D power losses:
- 9.76%
* at purchasing power parity
View all macro and energy indicators in the Spain energy report
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Spain Related Research
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Total Energy Consumption
In 2023, total consumption per capita was 2.3 toe (around 21% lower than the EU average for 2023), including 4 700 kWh of electricity (around 13% under the EU average).
Graph: CONSUMPTION TRENDS BY ENERGY SOURCE (Mtoe)
Interactive Chart Spain Total Energy Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
View the detailed fondamentals of the market at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Spain energy report
Crude Oil Production
Oil production is negligible. Crude oil imports declined by 3% in 2023 reaching 64.5 Mt. They had increased by around 3%/year from 2010 to 2018 and fell by 15% in 2020, before increasing again in 2021 and 2022. The main suppliers of crude in 2023 were the United States (14%), Mexico and Brazil (around 11% each), and Nigeria (10%).
Spain has 9 oil refineries with a total capacity of about 1.6 mb/d. Refined oil product production decreased by 1% to 61 Mt in 2023, after a 7% and 4% rise in 2022 and 2021 respectively, following a 9%/year drop in 2019 and 2020.
Interactive Chart Spain Crude Oil Production
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on refineries, you can request a sample of our EMEA Refineries Dataset
Oil Products Consumption
Oil product consumption decreased by 2% to 47 Mt in 2023, returning to levels similar to those seen in 2021 (47 Mt). Previously, it had been recovering since 2014 (+1.8%/year), after a rapid reduction over 2007-2014.
Of total oil consumption, 63% is absorbed by the transport sector, 11% by the residential and services sector, 5% by industry, and 4% by power plants.
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2023, %)
Interactive Chart Spain Refined Oil Products Production
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on refineries, you can request a sample of our EMEA Refineries Dataset
Natural Gas Consumption
The country's gas consumption decreased by 11% to 29 bcm in 2023 due to a 28% drop in consumption from the power sector. It increased by 6% in 2021 after having dropped by 10% in 2020. Gas consumption surged by 11%/year between 2000 and 2008 with the rapid development of CCGT capacities; it fell by 6%/year until 2014 in the wake of the economic crisis and then recovered until 2019 (+5.5%/year) as gas consumption in the power sector skyrocketed (+13%/year).
Interactive Chart Spain Natural Gas Domestic Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on the LNG trade, you can request a sample of our EMEA LNG Trade Dataset
Coal Consumption
Coal consumption decreased by 27% in 2023 to 4.5 Mt, after a 25% increase in 2022. It had dropped by 76% between 2018 and 2020, from 21 Mt to 5 Mt.
Around half of the coal and lignite is used for power generation (41% in 2023), followed by industry (39%).
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2023, %)
Interactive Chart Spain Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
View the detailed consumption trends at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Spain energy report
Power Consumption
The country's electricity consumption decreased by 2.3% to 226 TWh in 2023, g the second consecutive year with a declining trend after a 3.5% increase in 2021 and a drop of 6% in 2020. Previously, electricity consumption surged between 2000 and 2008 (+3.7%/year), dipped until 2014 (-1.8%/year), and recovered slightly until 2018 (+1.3%/year).
The share of electricity in final energy consumption increased regularly from 18% in 1990 to 22.5% in 2010 and has remained stable since then (23% in 2023).
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)
Renewable in % Electricity Production
The target set in the National Action Plan for Renewable Energies (PANER, 2010) for a share of renewables in final energy consumption of 22.7% in 2020 was missed by 1.5 points, with 21.2% achieved.
Under the draft update of the NECP 2021-2030, Spain increased the share of renewables from the previous target of 42% to 48% of final energy consumption, of which 81% is for power, up from 74%, and 25% for transport. In 2022, renewables covered 22% of the final consumption (51% for electricity, 20% for heating and cooling, and 9.7% in transport).
Interactive Chart Spain Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Learn more about renewables in the European Battery Market Analysis
CO2 Fuel Combustion/CO2 Emissions
GHG emissions increased by 46% in 2022 to 294 MtCO2eq,. Previously, emissions fell by nearly 5%/year over 2007-2014, recovered until 2017, and then declined again until 2020 (-14% in 2020 alone).
According to the draft updated NECP 2021-2030, Spain aims to reduce its GHG gas emissions by 32% in 2030 compared to 1990 levels (70% emission reduction in ETS sectors and 43% in other sectors). In 2021, the Parliament approved the Law on Climate Change and Energy Transition, which aims for carbon neutrality by 2050.