Romania Energy Information

Romania Energy Research

Romania Total Energy Production & Consumption

Energy consumption per capita is about 1.6 toe (2024), which is 43% below the EU average, and electricity consumption amounts to 2 400 kWh/cap (57% below the EU average).

Total energy consumption remained stable at 30 Mtoe in 2024, after a sharp reduction since 2020 (-5.5%/year). It has been declining by around 1%/year from 2010 to 2020 and rebounded by 6% in 2021.

Graph: CONSUMPTION TRENDS BY ENERGY SOURCE (Mtoe)

Source: Romania energy report

Interactive Chart Romania Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Romania Oil Production & Consumption

Oil production has been declining by 4%/year since 2002, reaching 2.9 Mt in 2024, i.e. 24% of crude oil consumption. Crude imports have been fluctuating in a range of 8-9 Mt since 2016 (9 Mt in 2024).

The refining capacity stands at 250 kb/d (end of 2024). The output of oil products has ranged between 10 and 13 Mt/year since 2010; after a 10% decrease in 2023, it rebounded by 7% in 2024 to 12 Mt. Romania exports nearly 40% of its oil product production (4.3 Mt in 2024). Oil product imports have been rising since 2010 (2.2 Mt) to 4 Mt in 2024.

Source: Romania energy report

Interactive Chart Romania Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart Romania Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Romania Natural Gas Production & Consumption

In 2024, gas consumption rebounded by 3.7% to 9.9 bcm, after a 17% fall in 2022 and a 4.3% decline in 2023, driven by high gas prices. Overall, gas consumption halved between 1990 and 2000 and contracted by 2%/year until 2020. In recent years, the closure of petrochemical facilities contributed to this decline.

In 2024, buildings (households and services) accounted for 45% of gas demand (up from 30% in 2010), industry for 19% (down from 33% in 2010), and the power sector for 27% (21% in 2010).

Graph: NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION (bcm)

Source: Romania energy report

Interactive Chart Romania Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Romania Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Lignite consumption fell by 31% in 2024 to 11 Mt, after a 23% drop in 2023, returning to its downward trend (-8%/year on average since 2010), despite a 15% rebound in 2021. In 2024, it was 77% below its 1990 level and 68% below its 2010 level.

Since most lignite is consumed in power plants (94% in 2024), the commissioning of a new nuclear unit in 2007, growing wind power generation, and lignite-fired capacity retirements have contributed to reducing lignite consumption.

Graph: LIGNITE CONSUMPTION (Mt)

Source: Romania energy report

Interactive Chart Romania Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Romania Power Production & Consumption

Electricity consumption rebounded by 3.6% in 2024 to 45 TWh, after a contraction by 6%/year from 2021 to 2023, due to high electricity prices since 2022.

Industry is the largest electricity consumer with 38% of total electricity consumption in 2024, followed by households with 30% and services with 24%.

Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)

Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2024 %)

Source: Romania energy report

Interactive Chart Romania Power Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Romania Renewable in % Electricity Production

According to its final revised NECP, Romania aims to raise the share of renewables in final energy consumption to 38.3% in 2030 (below the 41% share recommended by the EU Commission), including 57.8% in electricity consumption, 41.1% in heating and cooling, and 29.4% in transport. In 2023, renewables covered 25.8% of final energy consumption, including 47.4% for electricity, 29.1% for heating, and 8% in transport.

The country slightly exceeded its 2020 target on renewables with a share of renewables in final energy consumption of 24.5% (+0.5 point).

Source: Romania energy report

Interactive Chart Romania Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Romania GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

According to its final revised NECP (2024), Romania aims to cut its GHG emissions by 85% in 2030 compared to 1990 to 34 MtCO2eq, thanks to massive reductions in the energy sector (-87%), industry (-77%), and agriculture (-44%), while increasing GHG removals and limiting the increase in emissions from transport to 40%. Romania aims to cut emissions under the ETS scheme by 43.9% by 2030 (compared to 2005). For 2040, Romania targets a 96% net GHG emission reduction (compared to 1990) to 8.35 MtCO2eq, negative emissions as of 2045 and a 105% reduction in 2050 (-11 MtCO2eq).

Source: Romania energy report

Interactive Chart Romania CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data