- Update
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- Format
- 4 files (PDF report, 3 Excel files)
- Pages
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49 (Report only)
- Delivery
- Immediate by e-mail
- GENERAL OVERVIEW
- INSTITUTIONS AND ENERGY POLICY
- ENERGY COMPANIES
- ENERGY SUPPLY
- ENERGY PRICES
- ENERGY CONSUMPTION
- ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
- DATA TABLES
- ABBREVIATIONS
- GLOSSARY
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Overview
This analysis includes a comprehensive Romania energy market report and updated datasets. It is derived from the most recent key economic indicators, supply and demand factors, oil and gas pricing trends and major energy issues and developments surrounding the energy industry. The report provides a complete picture of the country situation, dynamics, current issues and future prospects. With market data and continuous follow-up of markets news, this report brings clear and concise insights with which to tackle national energy challenges and opportunities. Browse the tabs below for a detailed table of contents, the list of graphs and tables, and details on the data files.
Highlights
- Romania targets 38% of renewables in its final energy consumption in 2030 and aims to become carbon neutral between 2045 and 2050.
- Most power generation is 100% state-owned.
- Electrica and PPC (Greek utility) are the two largest electricity distributors.
- Romgaz and OMV Petrom account for 90% of the gas production and dominate the wholesale market.
- Production covers over 90% of the gas and lignite consumption (2024).
- CO2-free sources represented 69% of the power mix in 2024.
- Romania has extended price caps that enabled to limit the growth in electricity and gas prices, but prices remain much higher than their pre-crisis levels.
- Total energy consumption remained stable in 2024, after a rapid decrease from 2021 to 2023.
- The energy intensity is decreasing rapidly (twice the EU pace) and is lower than the EU average.
- OMV Petrom and Romgaz plan to start producing gas from the 100 bcm Neptun Deep gas field in 2027.
- Two new nuclear units could be commissioned in Cernavoda by 2031.
Institutions & Energy Policy
The energy sector falls under the responsibility of the Ministry of Energy.
ANRE, the Romanian National Energy Regulatory Authority, regulates the electricity and gas sectors. Since 2010, it is also in charge of energy efficiency policies.
Energy Companies
Electricity:
Hidroelectrica (80% state-owned) is the largest power generator with a hydropower capacity of 6.3 GW and a generation of 14 TWh in 2024 (around 29% of the total). The company was 100% public until July 2023, when Fondul Proprietatea sold its 20% stake in an IPO.
Energy Supply
Resources:
Energy resources are rather abundant. Natural gas reserves are declining (from nearly 390 bcm in 1990 to 70 bcm in 2023). Oil reserves amount to 82 Mt. The country's hydroelectric potential is also substantial (estimated at 70 TWh). Lignite proved reserves are also significant, at 280 Mt.
Energy Prices
Oil:
Gasoline and diesel prices surged from 2020 to 2022 (+27%/year for gasoline and +32%/year for diesel); fuel prices declined in 2023 (-11% and -13%, respectively), and remained broadly stable in 2024. They remain around 20% higher than in 2019. From June to December 2022, the government implemented a subsidy of RON 0.5/l, compensated by both the state and fuel distribution companies.
Energy Consumption
Energy consumption per capita is about 1.6 toe (2024), which is 43% below the EU average, and electricity consumption amounts to 2 400 kWh/cap (57% below the EU average).
Total energy consumption remained stable at 30 Mtoe in 2024, after a sharp reduction since 2020 (-5.5%/year). It has been declining by around 1%/year from 2010 to 2020 and rebounded by 6% in 2021.
Issues & Prospects
To boost its production, the country is increasingly opening up to foreign companies. Romania is a net energy importer (net imports covered 30% of its total consumption in 2024) and the Government aims to reverse that dependence.
- GRAPH 1: CO2-energy emissions (MtCO2)
- GRAPH 2: Installed electric capacity by source (2024, %)
- GRAPH 3: Gross power production by source (TWh)
- GRAPH 4: Power generation by source (2024, %)
- GRAPH 5: Gasoline & diesel prices (€/l)
- GRAPH 6: Electricity prices for industry and households (€c/kWh)
- GRAPH 7: Gas prices for industry and households (€c/kWh GCV)
- GRAPH 8: Consumption trends by energy source (Mtoe)
- GRAPH 9: Total consumption market share by energy (2024, %)
- GRAPH 10: Final consumption market share by sector (2024, %)
- GRAPH 11: Oil consumption (Mt)
- GRAPH 12: Oil consumption breakdown by sector (2024, %)
- GRAPH 13: Electricity consumption (TWh)
- GRAPH 14: Electricity consumption breakdown by sector (2024 %)
- GRAPH 15: Natural gas consumption (bcm)
- GRAPH 16: Gas consumption breakdown by sector (2024, %)
- GRAPH 17: Lignite consumption (Mt)
- GRAPH 18: Lignite consumption breakdown by sector (2024, %)
- Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions.
- Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
- Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
- Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.
- Infrastructure Projects: Covers power plant projects by energy, technology, status and operator.
The Romania energy market data since 1990 and up to
is included in the Excel file accompanying the Romania country report.
It showcases the historical evolution, allowing users to easily work with the data.
Key Data included in the excelsheet:
- Economic indicators: Annual historical economic indicators, energy security, energy efficiency and CO2 emissions.
- Supply indicators: Annual historical reserves, capacity, production and external trade (imports(+) exports(-) balance).
- Demand indicators: Annual historical consumption per capita, consumption trends, total consumption, final consumption (per energy and per sector) and electricity consumption total and per sector.
- Energy Balance: total and per energy.
- Romania Energy Prices: In addition to the analysis provided on the report we also provided a data set which includes historical details on the Romania energy prices for the follow items: price of premium gasoline (taxes incl.), price of diesel (taxes incl.), price of electricity in industry (taxes incl.), price of electricity for households (taxes incl.), price of natural gas in industry (taxes incl.), prices of natural gas for households (taxes incl.), spot price of Brent and CO2 emissions (from fuel combustion).
The Romania country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.
Data included in the excelsheet:
- Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
- Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
- CO2: Total CO2 emissions.
- Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
- Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO2 emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.