Nigeria Energy Information

Nigeria Energy Research

- Nigeria's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: Nigeria aims for 30% renewables in its power mix by 2030, universal energy access, and a 35% GHG reduction by 2035. The Energy Transition Plan targets carbon neutrality by 2060, with gas as a transition fuel. Key policies include the Petroleum Industry Bill, National Gas Policy, and a new electricity act to attract private investment. The country also seeks to expand renewables, improve energy efficiency, and reduce gas flaring.

- Nigeria's Energy Companies: "Several Nigerian energy firms face insolvency and privatisation, including key players in oil, gas, and electricity. Major companies like Shell, TotalEnergies, and ExxonMobil dominate production, with some divesting assets. The electricity sector is led by state-owned and private firms, while distribution companies struggle with high losses and unmetered customers. The government plans to restructure and sell insolvent distribution firms."

- Nigeria's Energy Supply & Demand: Nigeria's energy supply has declined, with hydrocarbon output falling and biomass decreasing in the mix. Gas consumption is rising, while electricity capacity remains limited, with gas and hydro as primary sources. Oil production has rebounded, and refining capacity has increased, though exports dominate. Gas exports, mainly as LNG, have decreased. GHG emissions are stable, with energy combustion contributing significantly.

- Nigeria's Energy Use & Price by Sector: Final energy demand rose 20% from 2017-2024, with transport's share increasing to a third. Biomass led consumption, though declining, while petroleum products grew. Households and services remained the largest consumers, though their share fell. Industrial demand rebounded post-2019, with gas and coal use rising. Transport demand dropped sharply in 2023 due to price hikes, while electricity and fuel prices varied significantly across sectors.

- Nigeria's Issues & Prospects: Nigeria's energy sector requires USD 1 trillion over 30 years, with electricity demand set to grow 7% annually. By 2050, power capacity will reach 250 GW, dominated by solar and hydrogen. Oil production aims for 4.5 mb/d by 2030, with major projects by ExxonMobil, Shell, and Eni. Gas projects include NLNG Train 7 and the AKK pipeline, while refinery expansions are planned.

Nigeria Total Energy Production & Consumption

After reaching a peak at 73 Mtoe in 2021, total consumption has declined by 5% to 69 Mtoe in 2024. Consumption per capita was 0.3 toe in 2024 (about a third lower than the average for Sub-Saharan Africa). The share of biomass in the energy mix is decreasing slowly, from 49% in 2010 to 40% in 2024 (compared to 50% in average for Sub-Saharan Africa). Oil is the second most important energy source with 33% (35% in 2010). The share of gas is increasing, from 15% in 2010 to 25% in 2025, as the government aims to increase gas consumption.

Source: Nigeria energy report

Interactive Chart Nigeria Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Nigeria Oil Production & Consumption

After halving from a peak at 127 Mt in 2010 until 2022 (-6%/year), oil production rebounded by 6%/year to 68 Mt in 2024. In 2024, the country's output was about 9% lower than its OPEC quota. Nigeria was the largest African oil producer in 2024, surpassing by around 20% Angola, Libya and Algeria.

The share of exported production declined from 95% in 2023 to 81% in 2024 as domestic production of refined products increased. In 2023, crude oil exports mainly went to the Netherlands (15%), India (10%), and Spain (10%).

Graph: Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Nigeria energy report

Interactive Chart Nigeria Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart Nigeria Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Nigeria Natural Gas Production & Consumption

After reaching a peak at 46 bcm in 2020, gas production declined by 5%/year until 2023 and rebounded by 5% in 2024. Nigeria was the second largest African gas producer in 2024, far behind Algeria (55% lower) and similar to Egypt. Previously, gas production was multiplied by 6.7 between 1999 and 2020 (+9%/year). Around half of the production is exported (19 bcm in 2024), compared to 67% in 2010. Almost all the gas exports (96%) take the form of LNG.

Source: Nigeria energy report

Interactive Chart Nigeria Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Nigeria Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Nigeria produces a limited volume of coal (1.3 Mt in 2024), which is entirely consumed domestically. Coal is exclusively consumed in industry.

Graph: Coal Production & Consumption

Source: Nigeria energy report

Interactive Chart Nigeria Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Nigeria Renewable in % Electricity Production

In the ETP (2022), renewables are expected to account for 40% of capacity in 2030, totalling 17 GW (2.8 GW in 2024), and 96% in 2050 with 248 GW. The power sector should reach carbon neutrality by 2050.

The National Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy (2022) includes a "30:30:30" scheme that plans to add 30 GW of power capacity by 2030, with renewables contributing 30% of the country's energy mix.

Source: Nigeria energy report

Interactive Chart Nigeria Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Nigeria GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

A National Council on Climate Change was created in 2021 by the Climate Change Act, a text which provides a framework for climate actions and sets to reach carbon neutrality over 2050-70.

Under its third NDC (3.0), Nigeria pledged to reduce its GHG emissions by 29% by 2030 and 32% by 2035, relative to 2018 levels. In addition, Nigeria committed to reach net-zero emissions by 2060.

Source: Nigeria energy report

Interactive Chart Nigeria CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data