China Energy Information

China Energy Research

- China's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: China aims for carbon neutrality by 2060, targeting 30% non-fossil energy by 2035, expanded renewables, an emissions trading scheme, and stringent energy efficiency policies under its 15^th FYP.

- China's Energy Companies: China's energy sector is dominated by state-owned enterprises, with five major firms leading power generation, two managing transmission, and three controlling oil, gas, and coal markets.

- China's Energy Supply & Demand: In 2024, wind and solar capacity surpassed thermal power in China for the first time. Coal remains the dominant energy source, accounting for 59% of total supply and 56% of power generation in 2025.

- China's Energy Use & Price by Sector: China's final energy consumption is growing rapidly, led by industry. Electricity's share is rising across sectors, replacing coal, while energy pricing mechanisms become increasingly flexible.

- China's Issues & Prospects: China is expanding its energy infrastructure across renewables, nuclear, oil, gas, and coal. Key focuses include increasing production, enhancing security, and advancing low-carbon technologies.

China Total Energy Production & Consumption

Growth in total energy consumption has slowed down since 2024 from 5.5%/year over2017-2023 to 2.5%/year, reaching 4 411 Mtoe in 2025. Per capita consumption reached 3.1 toe in 2025, a level comparable to that of Japan and 10% higher than the EU average (2.8 toe/cap), but less than half as high as the United States (6.5 toe/cap).

Source: China energy report

Interactive Chart China Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

China Oil Production & Consumption

Since 2018, crude oil and NGL production has increased by 2%/year, reaching 216 Mt in 2025, as the country is seeking to boost domestic exploration and production. China is the world's fifth largest oil producing country. Previously, output declined by 4%/year between 2015 and 2018, after increasing by 2%/year between 2000 and 2015.

Source: China energy report

Interactive Chart China Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart China Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

China Natural Gas Production & Consumption

Since 2010, production has grown by 81%/year, reaching 301 bcm in 2025 (x3 over 2010-25). China is the world's fourth largest natural gas producer.

More than 80% of gas production is concentrated in 6 provinces: Xinjiang (16% in 2025) and Shaanxi (14%, -13 pp since 2019) in the northwest, Sichuan (28%) in the southwest, Inner Mongolia (12%, +10 pp since 2019) and Shanxi (7%) in the north, and Guandong (5%, offshore) in South Central China.

Graph: Gas Production & Consumption

Source: China energy report

Interactive Chart China Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

China Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Since 2017, coal production has increased by more than 4%/year, reaching 4.7 Gt in 2025; it decreased by 4.4%/year between 2013 and 2016. Most of the production is localised in North China, with Shanxi (19% in 2024), Inner Mongolia (10%), and Hebei (9%), as well as Northwestern China, with Shaanxi (9%) and Xinjiang (8%).

Source: China energy report

Interactive Chart China Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

China Renewable in % Electricity Production

As part of the 15th Five-Year Plan for New Power System Construction, China targets 50% of non-fossil sources in power generation by 2030 (40% reached in 2025) with around 30% of from solar and wind (36% in 2025). In addition, wind and solar should exceed 50% of installed capacity by 2030 (47% in 2025), and power-sector intensity must fall by more than 10% over the five-year period.

Source: China energy report

Interactive Chart China Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

China GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

In its updated NDC (2021), China set more ambitious targets for 2030: reaching a CO2 emission peak before 2030, lowering its CO2 intensity by over 65% (from 2005 levels), and eventually reaching carbon neutrality before 2060. In September 2025, the country unveiled plans to lower its GHG emissions by 7 to 10% by 2035 from peak levels.

According to the Carbon Peaking Action Plan for 2026-2030, China aims to cut its carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 17% by 2030 compared with 2025 levels

Source: China energy report

Interactive Chart China CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data