Ghana Energy Information

Ghana Energy Research

- Ghana's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: Ghana aims for 1.5 GW of wind and solar by 2030, targeting carbon neutrality by 2060. The Ministry of Energy oversees the sector, with the Energy Commission regulating activities and issuing licences. The Energy Transition Framework seeks universal electricity access by 2030, with renewables making up 10% of the power mix. The Public Utility Regulatory Commission (PURC) sets electricity tariffs to attract foreign investment. The country has liberalised its electricity sector and implemented reforms to improve efficiency and access. Oil regulations include local content laws and revenue management through the Ghana Petroleum Funds. Renewable energy targets are supported by feed-in tariffs and mini-grid investments. Ghana also plans to develop nuclear power and enhance energy efficiency through standards and building codes. The updated NDC outlines mitigation measures for 64 MtCO₂e reductions by 2030, with a net-zero target by 2060.

- Ghana's Energy Companies: Ghana's energy sector is dominated by state-owned entities like the Volta River Authority (VRA) and GNPC, with significant contributions from independent power producers and international oil companies such as Tullow and Eni. The electricity sector features a mix of hydro, thermal, and solar generation, while oil and gas production are led by Tullow and Eni, respectively. Transmission and distribution are managed by state-owned companies, ensuring nationwide coverage.

- Ghana's Energy Supply & Demand: Ghana's energy supply has grown rapidly, with gas production tripling since 2018 and now dominating electricity generation (59% in 2024). Total energy consumption has risen by 6% annually since 2017, with oil (39%) and biomass (32%) as the primary sources. Installed power capacity reached 5.6 GW, with gas (67%) and hydro (29%) as the main contributors. Electricity generation has increased by 9% annually since 2016, with gas-fired production expanding significantly. Ghana's energy mix reflects a shift towards gas, driven by resource availability and efforts to mitigate hydroelectric dependency.

- Ghana's Energy Use & Price by Sector: Final energy consumption has risen 5% annually since 2010, with transport as the largest sector (42%). Oil dominates (50%), while biomass declines. Industry and residential sectors also show growth, with varying energy price trends.

- Ghana's Issues & Prospects: Ghana is expanding its energy sector with nuclear, hydro, solar, wind, and gas projects, including a 1.2 GW nuclear plant and a 200 MW solar facility. Transmission infrastructure is also being enhanced for regional integration. In oil, the DWT/CTP block and refinery expansions are key developments, while gas pipeline capacity is set to increase.

Ghana Total Energy Production & Consumption

Since 2017, total energy consumption has increased very rapidly since 2017 (+6%/year) to 13 Mtoe. Per capita energy consumption reached 0.4 toe in 2024, which is around a fifth below the average for Sub-Saharan Africa.

Oil represents 39% of the energy mix, followed by biomass (32%, compared to 46% in 2010). Gas has been progressively gaining ground, from 5% in 2010 to 24% in 2024. The remainder is supplied by hydro with 5%.

Graph: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source

Source: Ghana energy report

Interactive Chart Ghana Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Ghana Oil Production & Consumption

Since 2019, oil output has declined by 8%/year, reaching 6.7 Mt in 2024. Previously, oil production more than doubled from 2016 (4.6 Mt) to 2019 (10.3 Mt). In 2024, 66% of the oil output came from the Jubilee field, which entered production in 2010. The field is said to have 0.5 Gbl of oil reserves. The SGN field, which represented 20% of output in 2024 (0.5 Gbl of reserves); first oil was achieved in 2017. The TEN field, accounting for 14% of output in 2024, has 240 Mbl of oil reserves (started of production in 2016).

Offshore oil fields

Source: Ghana energy report

Interactive Chart Ghana Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart Ghana Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Ghana Natural Gas Production & Consumption

Gas production has tripled since 2018 and reached 3.5 bcm in 2024. Most of the production (66% in 2023) comes from the SGN fields, which started production in 2017 and have reserves estimated at 40 bcm.

Source: Ghana energy report

Interactive Chart Ghana Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Ghana Renewable in % Electricity Production

The new Renewable Energy Masterplan (2019) aims at increasing the penetration of wind and solar in the power mix from 45 MW in 2015 to 1.4 GW in 2030. In 2019, the target of 10% of renewables in the power mix included in the Renewable Energy Act (2011) was postponed by 10 years to 2030.

Source: Ghana energy report

Interactive Chart Ghana Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Ghana GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

In its updated NDC, Ghana aims to implement 34 mitigation measures to achieve absolute emission reductions of 64 MtCO2e by 2030. Out of them, 9 unconditional measures are expected to lead to an emission reduction of 24.6 MtCO2e. The country's contribution did not include a value for the 2030 target year.

Source: Ghana energy report

Interactive Chart Ghana CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data