Estonia Energy Information

Estonia Energy Research

- Estonia's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: Estonia aims to reduce oil shale reliance, boost renewables to 65% by 2030, and achieve 100% renewable electricity. It has fully synchronised its grid with Continental Europe, banned Russian gas imports, and targets 55% lower GHG emissions by 2030. Energy efficiency and nuclear options are also being pursued.

- Estonia's Energy Companies: Eesti Energia dominates Estonia's energy sector, controlling 85% of power generation, 95% of distribution, and 50% of sales. Utilitas leads district heating with 70% of the residential market. The sector includes state-owned and private players in electricity, oil, gas, oil shale, and district heating.

- Estonia's Energy Supply & Demand: In 2024, Estonia's energy mix saw a decline in oil shale dominance, with renewables like solar and wind reaching 35% of the power supply. Primary energy consumption fell to 4 Mtoe, while per capita consumption stood at 2.9 toe. The country's electricity capacity, at 4.1 GW, increasingly relies on renewables, with oil shale's share dropping to 39%. Estonia became a net importer of electricity, with imports accounting for 42% of consumption. Oil and gas imports are fully reliant on neighbouring countries, and GHG emissions have significantly decreased since 2018.

- Estonia's Energy Use & Price by Sector: Final energy demand has remained stable, with oil and electricity as primary sources. Prices for electricity and gas have decreased since 2022 after significant rises. Buildings account for over half of energy use, with transport and industry also major consumers.

- Estonia's Issues & Prospects: Estonia prioritises wind energy expansion, aiming for 9.4 TWh of renewable electricity by 2030, including offshore projects. Nuclear, gas, and hydropower initiatives are also underway, alongside transmission and LNG infrastructure developments.

Estonia Total Energy Production & Consumption

Primary energy consumption decreased by 5%/year since 2016 to 4 Mtoe in 2024. In 2024, total energy consumption per capita is 2.9 toe. It fluctuated before a period around 5.5 Mtoe between 2010 and 2016.

Graph: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source

Source: Estonia energy report

Interactive Chart Estonia Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Estonia Oil Production & Consumption

All of the country's oil product consumption is imported (1 Mt in 2024). Oil products used to come mainly from Lithuania (53%), followed by Finland (21%), Latvia (10%), and Sweden (4.5%) in 2024.

Since 2010, oil products consumption has remained stable at around 1.05 Mtoe. The transport sector is the largest consumer (76% in 2024), followed by residential, services and agriculture (9%), non-energy uses (7%), and industry (4%).

Graph: Petroleum Products Production & Consumption

Source: Estonia energy report

Interactive Chart Estonia Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart Estonia Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Estonia Natural Gas Production & Consumption

Between 2018 and 2024, gas imports decreased by 6.7%/year to 340 mcm in 2024. They averaged 1 bcm between 2005 and 2008, then fell until 2015 (471 mcm) and remained stable until 2018.

Until 2022, natural gas was mainly provided by Russia through 2 pipelines (total capacity of 8 bcm/year). Estonia is also connected to Latvia (capacity of 5.5 bcm/year) and to Finland since 2019, when Elering and its Finnish counterpart Gasum commissioned the 7.2 bcm/year Baltic Connector pipe.

Source: Estonia energy report

Interactive Chart Estonia Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Estonia Renewable in % Electricity Production

The NECP (2021-2030) set a target of at least 65% of renewables in total final consumption by 2030, including 100% for electricity, 63% for heating, and 14% for transport. In 2024, the share of renewables in final consumption reached 42.2% (+10.5 pp since 2020), including 38.9% for electricity, 67.8% for heating, and 7.7% for transport. The share of renewables in transport has dropped by 4.5 points since its peak at 12.2% in 2020.

The target of the EU Directive on renewables of 25% renewables in final consumption in 2020 was reached in 2011.

Source: Estonia energy report

Interactive Chart Estonia Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Estonia GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

In its updated NECP (2025), Estonia aims to reduce GHG emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to the 1990 level, and by 95% by 2050. To reach this goal, the country must reduce emissions from power generation from oil shale by limiting the share of oil shale in the power mix, investing in new purification equipment, and raising the share of renewables in the power mix.

Source: Estonia energy report

Interactive Chart Estonia CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data