Estonia Key Figures
- Population:
- 1.33 million
- GDP growth rate:
- -1.3 %/year
- Energy independence:
- 99.6%
Data of the last year available: 2022
- Total consumption/GDP:*
- 62.6 (2005=100)
- CO2 Emissions:
- 6.57 tCO2/capita
- Rate of T&D power losses:
- 4.85%
* at purchasing power parity
View all macro and energy indicators in the Estonia energy report
Estonia Related News
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Estonia Related Research
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Total Energy Consumption
Total energy consumption per capita is about 3.6 toe/cap (2022), i.e. 22% above the EU average. This is mainly due to the high share of oil shale, since it requires a significant amount of energy to be processed. Electricity consumption per capita is in line with the EU average (5 800 kWh, +4%).
Graph: CONSUMPTION TRENDS BY ENERGY SOURCE (Mtoe)
Note: coal corresponds to oil shales
Interactive Chart Estonia Total Energy Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
View the detailed fondamentals of the market at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Estonia energy report
Crude Oil Production
All of the country's oil product consumption is imported (1.8 Mt in 2022). Gasoline imports increased by 25% between 2015 and 2021, reaching 500 kt, while diesel imports only increased by 4% to 740 kt. Oil products used to come mainly from Russia, which is no longer the case (28% of the imports in 2022). Besides Russia, imports came from Lithuania (35%), Poland (20%), Latvia, and Finland (15.5%) in 2022.
Interactive Chart Estonia Crude Oil Production
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on refineries, you can request a sample of our EMEA Refineries Dataset
Oil Products Consumption
Oil product consumption has remained stable at around 1 Mtoe since 2010. It rose very rapidly between 2000 and 2007 (3.3%/year).
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Transport absorbs nearly 75% of the consumption, followed by the residential and services sector (9%) and industry (4%) (2022).
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2022, %)
Interactive Chart Estonia Refined Oil Products Production
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on refineries, you can request a sample of our EMEA Refineries Dataset
Natural Gas Consumption
Gas consumption has remained stable since 2015 at around 0.5 bcm, but dipped by 25% in 2022 to 0.4 bcm. It halved between 2008 and 2015, because of the economic crisis (-32% in 2009 alone), the progressive conversion of heat producers to other fuels (especially biomass), and the closure of a large fertiliser plant in 2014.
District heating is the main natural gas consumer (34% of consumption in 2022). Nearly 1/3 of the gas (35% in 2022) is consumed by the residential-tertiary-agriculture sector (including 20% for services and 15% households) and 25% by industry.
Interactive Chart Estonia Natural Gas Domestic Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on the LNG trade, you can request a sample of our EMEA LNG Trade Dataset
Coal Consumption
Oil shale consumption has increased slightly since 2020, reaching 14 Mtoe in 2022. It fell by 44% between 2018 and 2020, mainly because of reduced consumption in the power sector. Between 2000 and 2014, this consumption grew rapidly by 3%/year and ranged between 18 Mt and 22 Mt until 2018.
In 2022, 38% of oil shale was consumed by power plants and 59% by other sectors, including district heating plants and liquefaction plants (to produce shale oil).
Graph: OIL SHALE CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Interactive Chart Estonia Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
View the detailed consumption trends at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Estonia energy report
Power Consumption
Electricity consumption has fluctuated since 2018 at around 8 TWh (7.7 TWh in 2022), after a period of slight growth over 2011-2018 (1%/year).
Services account for 40% of power consumption, followed by households (28%) and industry (27%) (2022).
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2022,%)
Renewable in % Electricity Production
The target of the EU Directive on renewables of 25% renewables in final consumption in 2020 was reached in 2011 (30% in 2020). The target of 10% in transport was reached (12.2% in 2019), with a significant rise in 2020 (+6 points).
The NECP set a target of at least 42% of renewables in total final consumption by 2030 (16 TWh), including 27% of renewable electricity, 69% of renewable heat, and 4% for transport. In 2022, the government approved a bill to accelerate the transition to renewable electricity. The aim is to produce all electricity consumed from renewables by 2030.
Interactive Chart Estonia Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Learn more about renewables in the European Battery Market Analysis
CO2 Fuel Combustion/CO2 Emissions
Total net GHG emissions increased by 10% in 2021 to 13 MtCO2-eq, after an 11% drop in 2020. Between 2010 and 2018, they fluctuated between 16 and 20 MtCO2-eq.
In its NECP Estonia aims to reduce GHG emissions by at least 70% by 2030 compared to the 1990 level, and by more than 80% by 2050. To reach this goal, the country must reduce emissions from power generation from oil shale by limiting the share of oil shale in the power mix, investing in new purification equipment, and raising the share of renewables in the power mix.