Estonia energy report

• Estonia aims to limit the share of oil shale in its energy consumption and power generation and to cap final energy consumption in 2020 at its 2010 level.
• Eesti Energia dominates the power sector with over 70% of generation, over 85% of distribution, and 50% of total sales (2020).
• Eesti Energia is the main oil shale producer.
• The share of oil shale in the power mix has been reduced from 86% in 2010 to 69% in 2019.
• Estonia remains reliant on Russian gas despite the new LNG import terminal commissioned in Lithuania.
• Prices of electricity and gas for households are around 40% below the EU averages.
• Electricity prices have doubled since 2000, while oil product and gas prices have more than tripled.
• Oil shale dominates the energy mix (64% in 2019), with 2/3 used in power generation and 1/3 used to produce fuel.
• After failing to reach an agreement with Finland, Estonia is developing several LNG terminal projects.

• Institutions & Energy Policy

  The Department of Energy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications is responsible for the energy policy.

  The Estonian Competition Authority regulates the energy sector and reports to the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications.

• Energy Companies

  Oil:

  Four main operators are involved in the supply, trading and logistics of oil: Alexela, Vopak EOS, Scantrans (Ireland) and Eurodek (Denmark). Alexela operates two oil terminals: one in Paldiski with an oil storage capacity of about 358 000 m³ and one in Sillamäe with a storage capacity of about 506 000 m³. In 2019, Vopak sold its 1 mcm terminal in Tallinn to Liwathon.

• Energy Supply

  Oil:

  All of the country's oil product consumption is imported (1.3 Mt in 2019). Gasoline imports remained stable at 403 kt in 2019, while diesel imports dipped by 8% to 814 kt. Oil products used to come mainly from Russia, which is no longer the case (43% of the imports in 2019). Besides Russia, imports came from Lithuania (31%) and Finland (10%) in 2019.

• Energy Prices

  Electricity:

  Electricity prices have been increasing since 2017 (+3.4%/year for industry and +5.7%/year for households), but remained significantly below the EU average (-23% for industry and -36% for households in 2019). Prices more than doubled between 2000 and 2013 and then dipped until 2017. Taxes accounted for 28% of residential prices (17% for industry) as of 2019.

• Energy Consumption

  Total energy consumption per capita is about 3.6 toe/cap (2019), i.e. 16% above the EU average. This is mainly due to the high share of oil shale, since it requires a significant amount of energy to be processed: in 2019, the fall in oil shale-fired power generation resulted in a 24% fall in the energy consumption per capita.

• Issues & Prospects

  Electricity:

  According to Elering, electricity consumption should rise by 1.1%/year between 2015 and 2030, reaching 9.6 TWh; peak demand should grow more slowly and reach 1 700 MW. By this date, the installed capacity should decrease by more than 500 MW, due to the decommissioning of thermal capacities at the Narva power plants as of 2024.

• GENERAL OVERVIEW
• INSTITUTIONS AND ENERGY POLICY
• ENERGY COMPANIES
• ENERGY SUPPLY
• ENERGY PRICES
• ENERGY CONSUMPTION
• ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
• DATA TABLES
• ABBREVIATIONS
• GLOSSARY

Download the Table of Contents

Below is a list of the Estonia energy market report graphs:

• GRAPH 1: CO₂-energy emissions (MtCO₂)
• GRAPH 2: Installed electric capacity by source (2019, %)
• GRAPH 3: Gross power production by source (TWh)
• GRAPH 4: Power generation by source (2019, %)
• GRAPH 5: Gasoline & diesel prices (€/l)
• GRAPH 6: Electricity prices for industry and households (€c/kWh)
• GRAPH 7: Gas prices for industry and households (€c/kWh GCV)
• GRAPH 8: Consumption trends by energy source (Mtoe)
• GRAPH 9: Total consumption market share by energy (2019, %)
• GRAPH 10: Final consumption market share by sector (2019 %)
• GRAPH 11: Oil consumption (Mt)
• GRAPH 12: Oil consumption breakdown by sector (2019, %)
• GRAPH 13: Electricity consumption (TWh)
• GRAPH 14: Electricity consumption breakdown by sector (2019,%)
• GRAPH 15: Natural gas consumption (bcm)
• GRAPH 16: Gas consumption breakdown by sector (2019, %)
• GRAPH 17: Oil shale consumption (Mt)
• GRAPH 18: Oil shale consumption breakdown by sector (2019, %)

In the Estonia energy market report you will find the following tables:

• Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO₂ emissions.
• Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
• Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
• Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.
• Infrastructure Projects: Covers power plant projects by energy, technology, status and operator, gas plant projects by status and operator and LNG contracts.