Canada Energy Information

Canada Energy Research

- Canada's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: Canada targets net-zero emissions by 2050, balancing federal climate goals with provincial energy jurisdiction. Complex regulatory frameworks govern resources, emissions, and decarbonisation efforts.

- Canada's Energy Companies: Canada's energy sector is dominated by state-owned electricity entities, while oil and gas production and infrastructure are primarily managed by major private corporations and key utility providers.

- Canada's Energy Supply & Demand: Canada possesses substantial energy resources, with a power mix dominated by hydro and over three-quarters of capacity being CO₂-free. Despite high per capita consumption, emissions are decreasing.

- Canada's Energy Use & Price by Sector: In 2025, Canada’s final energy demand grew by 3%, driven by the transport and residential-tertiary sectors. Oil remains the primary energy source, whilst fuel prices continued to decline from 2022.

- Canada's Issues & Prospects: Canada’s 2026 outlook targets a 5% reduction in energy consumption by 2050. Projections include a 41% decline in fossil fuel use, doubled electricity demand, and significant growth in renewables.

Canada Total Energy Production & Consumption

Total energy consumption increased by 2% in 2025, reaching 307 Mtoe. It remained stable from 2022 to 2024, following a slight progression from 2010 to 2022 (1.1%/year on average at normal climate). At 7.4 toe, Canada's per capita energy consumption is among the highest in the world and almost triple the EU average (2025).

Graph: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source

Source: Canada energy report

Interactive Chart Canada Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Canada Oil Production & Consumption

Oil production (crude, NGL, and non-conventional oil) has increased by 4.4%/year since 2010, reaching 314 Mt in 2025 (+82%). It has more than doubled since 2000. This progression follows the development of non-conventional oil, which accounted for 66% of total oil production in 2025.

Source: Canada energy report

Interactive Chart Canada Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart Canada Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Canada Natural Gas Production & Consumption

Canada is the fifth largest natural gas producer in the world, after the United States, Russia, China and Iran. Its production increased by 2.4%/year on average between 2010 and 2025 to 228 bcm (+ 3.4% in 2025). The production mainly comes from Alberta (63% of the total production in 2025).

Given the expansion of shale gas production in the US, Canadian gas exports, all of which go to the US, decreased rapidly between 2005 and 2020 (from 107 bcm to 73 bcm). They have risen again since then, reaching 97 bcm in 2025, close to 2010 level.

Graph: Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Canada energy report

Interactive Chart Canada Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Canada Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Coal and lignite production has been decreasing since its peak of 79 Mt in 1997 to 41 Mtin 2025. Production is concentrated in the western provinces: 90% of mines are located in British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan. An increasing share of production is exported (96% in 2025, + 45 pp since 2010), mostly coking coal.

Coal and lignite consumption has been decreasing rapidly since 2008, reaching 11 Mt in 2025 (-8%/year). Power generation absorbs 60% of consumption and 25% is used in industry.

Graph: Coal Production & Consumption

Source: Canada energy report

Interactive Chart Canada Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Canada Renewable in % Electricity Production

Canada does not have a federal target on renewables, but has a target on carbon-free sources (90% of electricity in 2030). Each province has its own target on renewable development.

Source: Canada energy report

Interactive Chart Canada Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Canada GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

In the 2025 NDC update, Canada pledged to reduce its GHG emissions to 45-50% below 2005 levels in 2035 (up from 40-45% by 2030 in its 2021 NDC). Canada is also committed to achieving net-zero GHG emissions by 2050.

Source: Canada energy report

Interactive Chart Canada CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data