Canada Key Figures
- Population:
- 38.5 million
- GDP growth rate:
- 4.56 %/year
- Energy independence:
- 100%
Data of the last year available: 2021
- Total consumption/GDP:*
- 78.5 (2005=100)
- CO2 Emissions:
- 14.3 tCO2/capita
- Rate of T&D power losses:
- 5.72%
* at purchasing power parity
View all macro and energy indicators in the Canada energy report
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Canada Related Research
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Total Energy Consumption
At 7.5 toe, Canada's per capita energy consumption is among the highest in the world and almost triple the average EU level. Electricity consumption per capita is around 14.8 MWh.
Total energy consumption increased slightly between 2010 and 2019 (1.3%/year on average at normal climate). It dropped by 6% in 2020 to 284 Mtoe with the Covid-19 pandemic and rebounded by around 2% in 2021 to 289 Mtoe.
Interactive Chart Canada Total Energy Consumption
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View the detailed fondamentals of the market at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Canada energy report
Crude Oil Production
Oil production (crude, NGL, and non-conventional oil) increased by 55% between 2010 and 2019 (4.6%/year) and has more than doubled since 2000. After a 4.5% drop in 2020, due the reduction in oil demand caused by the pandemic, it increased by 6% in 2021 to 270 Mt. The increase in production follows the development of non-conventional oil, which accounted for 58% of the country's oil production in 2021 (3.1 mb/d).
Net oil exports have almost tripled since 2010, from 67 Mt to 178 Mt in 2021. All crude oil exports are intended for the United States.
Interactive Chart Canada Crude Oil Production
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Oil Products Consumption
The consumption of oil products dropped by 14% in 2020, with a large reduction in transport needs in 2020 due to travel restrictions. A small rebound occurred in 2021 (+2.5%) to 99 Mt.
The transport sector is the biggest consumer of oil products (52% in 2021), followed by industry with 38% (including non-energy uses).
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Graph: PETROLEUM PRODUCTS CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2021, %)
Interactive Chart Canada Refined Oil Products Production
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Natural Gas Consumption
The consumption of natural gas grew very rapidly between 2016 and 2019 (6%/year) after a slower progression between 2010 and 2016 (1.2%/year). It decreased by 4.5% in 2020 and rebounded by 4.5% in 2021 to 138 bcm.
The oil and gas sector, in particular the exploitation of oil sands, is the largest consumer of natural gas with 45%. It is followed by buildings (24%), industry (16%), and power plants (15%).
Graph: NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION (bcm)
Interactive Chart Canada Natural Gas Domestic Consumption
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Coal Consumption
Coal and lignite consumption has been decreasing rapidly since 2008 (around 6%/year). It increased slightly in 2021 to 25.6Mt
The power sector represents 78% of consumption and the remaining 22% is dedicated to industrial purposes.
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2021, %)
Interactive Chart Canada Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption
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View the detailed consumption trends at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Canada energy report
Power Consumption
Electricity consumption increased by about 1%/year between 2015 and 2019. It dropped by 3% in 2020 because of the Covid pandemic and remained stable in 2021 (569 TWh).
Industry is the largest electricity consumer (34%), followed by the residential (31%), and services sectors (26%).
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2021, %)
Renewable in % Electricity Production
Ontario is committed to increasing the capacity of renewables to 20 GW by 2025. A bill on renewables (Green Energy and Green Economy Act) introduced feed-in tariffs (FiTs) in 2009. In 2016, the government launched its 2nd Large Renewable Procurement (LRP II), expecting to save C$3.3bn by replacing the FiTs scheme with a competitive process for 930 MW in total (600 MW wind, 330 MW solar, small hydro and bioenergy). However, half of the contracts, corresponding to 440 MW, were cancelled in 2018.
Interactive Chart Canada Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)
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CO2 Fuel Combustion/CO2 Emissions
Between 2013 and 2019, GHG emissions remained relatively stable (around 710-740 MtCO2eq excluding LULUCF). They then dropped by almost 9% in 2020 with the Covid pandemic and increased by 4% in 2021 to 698 MtCO2eq, a level 7% below 2005.