Brazil Energy Information

Brazil Energy Research

- Brazil's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: Brazil aims for 49% renewables in its energy mix by 2034 and a 63% cut in GHG emissions by 2035. The cap-and-trade carbon market is operational from 2024, with full implementation by 2030. Key priorities include energy efficiency, renewable development, and market liberalisation. The electricity market is opening to all consumers by 2028, while oil and gas exploration shifts to Permanent Offer rounds. Brazil joined OPEC+ in 2025. Renewables and biofuels are incentivised, with targets for 45–50% renewables by 2030 and rising biofuel blends. The National Hydrogen Program focuses on blue and green hydrogen, supported by EU funding. Energy efficiency programmes like PROCEL and CONPET drive savings. Brazil's second NDC targets carbon neutrality by 2050.

- Brazil's Energy Companies: Axia Energia leads Brazil's power generation, while Petrobras dominates oil and gas. Key players in distribution include Neoenergia, Enel, and EQTL. Petrobras focuses on upstream investments, particularly in pre-salt areas, and plans significant spending on refining and low-carbon projects.

- Brazil's Energy Supply & Demand: Brazil's energy supply rose 3% annually since 2020, reaching 340 Mtoe in 2024. Renewables dominated power generation (90%), with solar capacity surging 50% yearly from 2022-2024. Biomass led the energy mix (37%), followed by oil (33%) and primary electricity (17%). Hydroelectricity, though dominant, declined due to wind and solar growth. Brazil is a major biofuel producer and has significant renewable resources, including substantial hydroelectric and wind potential. Electricity consumption grew 5% annually since 2020, with industry and residential sectors as primary consumers. CO₂ emissions from energy use decreased since 2014, supported by high renewable energy adoption.

- Brazil's Energy Use & Price by Sector: Since 2020, Brazil's final energy consumption has risen by 4% annually, with biomass and electricity increasingly replacing oil. Industry's share is declining, while transport, residential, and services sectors are growing. Biofuels account for 25% of transport energy, and electricity dominates residential and services consumption. Electricity prices remain high, while gasoline and diesel prices align with regional averages.

- Brazil's Issues & Prospects: Brazil's energy sector is expanding, with power demand expected to triple by 2050. The 10-Year Energy Expansion Plan (PDE 2034) forecasts a 2.1% annual growth in final energy consumption, reaching 353 Mtoe by 2034. Renewable energy, particularly solar and wind, is a key focus, with significant projects under development. The government aims to increase electricity capacity to 332 GW by 2034, with renewables accounting for 89% of production. Transmission infrastructure is also being expanded, with 30,000 km of new lines planned. Oil and gas production are set to rise, while coal projects have been cancelled. Green hydrogen initiatives are gaining traction, supported by international investments.

Brazil Total Energy Production & Consumption

Total energy supply has been increasing by around 3%/year since 2020, reaching 340 Mtoe in 2024, after a relative stability between 2015 and 2020. Per capita it reached 1.6 toe in 2024, which is 18% above Latin American countries average and 40% below the EU average.

Graph: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source

Source: Brazil energy report

Interactive Chart Brazil Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Brazil Oil Production & Consumption

The country's crude oil production decreased slightly in 2024 to 177 Mt (-1%), but the trend since 2013 is of strong growth (+5%/year until 2023). In 2024, 79% of oil production came from the pre-salt area.

Source: Brazil energy report

Interactive Chart Brazil Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart Brazil Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Brazil Natural Gas Production & Consumption

The marketed production of gas decreased by 3% in 2024 to 24 bcm, a level similar to 2022. Previously, it decreased from 2017 to 2020 (-4%/year), after rapid growth between 2009 and 2021 to a peak of 27 bcm (+7%/year). Production supplied 73% of the country's needs in 2024.

The country has around 12 000 km of gas pipelines. It started importing gas from Bolivia in 1999 with the commissioning by TBG of the Gasbol gas pipeline between Santa Cruz de la Sierra in Bolivia and Campina in the state of São Paulo (11 bcm/year).

Source: Brazil energy report

Interactive Chart Brazil Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Brazil Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Coal production decreased by 9% in 2024 to 5.9 Mt. It has been quite stable over time since the 1990s, between 5 and 7 Mt, except in some years it was higher in the 2010s. However, coal consumption is decreasing since its 29 Mt peak in 2015 (excepted in 2021), by around 2%/year, reaching 24 Mt in 2024, leading to the need of coal imports (19 Mt in 2024). Industry accounts for 52% of demand, while the remainder is used to produce electricity.

Graph: Coal Production & Consumption

Source: Brazil energy report

Interactive Chart Brazil Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Brazil Renewable in % Electricity Production

Brazil targets between 45% and 50% of renewables in its energy mix by 2030 according to its roadmap towards carbon neutrality, which corresponds to a stabilization of the share of renewables (around 50% in 2023), despite the increase of energy consumption. In its PDE 2034, Brazil forecasts a 49% share of renewables in the energy mix by 2034.

Since 2009, new contracts for wind, biomass and small hydro plant projects are awarded through competitive bidding.

Source: Brazil energy report

Interactive Chart Brazil Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Brazil GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

In its second NDC (2024), Brazil set a new target, with a cut of 63% (range 59%-67%) in GHG emissions by 2035 compared to 2005 levels, i.e. reaching GHG emissions between 0.85 and 1.05 GtCO2eq. The objective is to reach carbon neutrality by 2050.

Source: Brazil energy report

Interactive Chart Brazil CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data