- Update
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- Format
- 4 files (PDF report, 3 Excel files)
- Pages
-
75 (Report only)
- Delivery
- Immediate by e-mail
- GENERAL OVERVIEW
- ENERGY AND CLIMATE POLICY FRAMEWORK
- ENERGY COMPANIES
- ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND
- ENERGY USE AND PRICE BY SECTOR
- ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
- STATISTICS
- ABBREVIATIONS
- GLOSSARY
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Overview
Brazil’s energy sector is advancing with ambitious climate targets, including a 49% renewable share in its energy mix by 2034 and a 63% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2035. A cap-and-trade carbon market is now operational, with full implementation expected by 2030. The electricity market is liberalising, with 40% of demand eligible for free trading, aiming for full openness by 2028. Renewables dominate power generation, while oil and gas sectors focus on expanding production and infrastructure.
Get more details on the table of contents and data files, as well as the list of graphs and tables by browsing the tabs below.
Highlights
- Brazil targets a share of 49% of renewables in its energy mix for 2034 and a 63% cut in GHG emissions in 2035 compared to 2005. The cap-and-trade carbon market is in force since 2024. It will be fully operational between 2028 and 2030.
- Axia Energia (ex-Eletrobras), the federal holding company, is the largest power generator, with around 20% of the power production. Three companies control half of the power distribution (Neoenergia, Enel, and EQTL). Petrobras is responsible for around 2/3 of the oil output and over 90% of gas production.
- Total energy consumption rises by 3%/year since 2020. Solar capacity, which soared by around 50%/year from 2022 to 2024, is mainly led by micro and mini distributed PV. Renewables accounted for 90% of power generation in 2024. Crude oil production is increasing rapidly (+64% since 2013). Brazil is the second biofuel producer in the world after the US.
- Final energy consumption is rising strongly since 2020 (+4%/year), with biomass representing 33% of its mix in 2024. Gasoline and diesel prices are close to the regional averages, while electricity prices are among the highest in Latin America.
- The country's consumption should double by 2050, and power consumption should triple. Around 120 GW of solar and wind projects are under development across the country.
Energy & Climate Policy Framework
The Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) has the responsibility for the whole energy sector.
The National Council for Energy Policy (CNPE), composed of government representatives, experts in energy, and non-governmental organisations, is the advisory body for the energy policy.
EPE, the Energy Research Company under MME, is in charge of energy planning.
Energy Companies
Gas:
Petrobras is the country's main natural gas producer, with 94% of the production (53 bcm) in 2024, followed by Eneva with 3% (1.7 bcm) and TotalEnergies EP with 1% (0.6 bcm).
Energy Supply & Demand
Gas:
The marketed production of gas decreased by 3% in 2024 to 24 bcm, a level similar to 2022. Previously, it decreased from 2017 to 2020 (-4%/year), after rapid growth between 2009 and 2021 to a peak of 27 bcm (+7%/year). Production supplied 73% of the country's needs in 2024.
Energy Use and Price by Sector
Energy Prices in Industry:
In 2024, electricity prices increased to US$15.9c/kWh for industry (+3%) in line with post-COVID trends (+6%/year since 2020) but remains below pre-COVID levels (US$17c/kWh in 2019). These price levels are among the highest in Latin America.
Issues & Prospects
According to the 10-Year Energy Expansion Plan 2034 (Plano Decenal de Expansão de Energia 2034, PDE 2034), final energy consumption should grow by an average of 2.1%/year between 2024 and 2034 to reach 353 Mtoe, with 34% coming from oil products, 24% from biomass, 21% from electricity, 9% from natural gas, and 4% from coal.
- Graph 1: Final Intensity to GDP
- Graph 2: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source
- Graph 3: Total Consumption Market Share by Energy (2024)
- Graph 4: Installed Electric Capacity by Source
- Graph 5: Installed Electric Capacity by Source (2024)
- Graph 6: Gross Power Production by Source & Consumption
- Graph 7: Power Generation by Source (2024)
- Graph 8: CO2 Intensity of Electricity Generation
- Graph 9: Crude Oil Production & Consumption
- Graph 10: Petroleum Products Production & Consumption
- Graph 11: Gas Production & Consumption
- Graph 12: Coal Production & Consumption
- Graph 13: Emissions of GHG and CO2 from Fuel Combustion
- Graph 14: CO2-Emissions per Capita
- Graph 15: CO2 Intensity to GDP
- Graph 16: Final Demand Trends by Energy Source
- Graph 17: Final Consumption by Sector
- Graph 18: Final Consumption Market Share by Sector (2024)
- Graph 19: Share of Electricity in Total Final Energy Consumption
- Graph 20: Final Consumption in Industry by Energy Source
- Graph 21: Energy Prices in Industry (Taxes Included)
- Graph 22: Final Consumption in Transport by Energy Source
- Graph 23: Energy Prices in Transport (Taxes Included)
- Graph 24: Final Consumption in Residential, Services, Agriculture by Energy Source
- Graph 25: Energy Prices in Residential (Taxes Included)
- Graph 26: Upcoming New Capacity by Energy Source
- Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions.
- Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
- Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
- Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.
The Brazil energy market data since 1990 and up to
is included in the Excel file accompanying the Brazil country report.
It showcases the historical evolution, allowing users to easily work with the data.
Key Data included in the excelsheet:
- Economic indicators: Annual historical economic indicators, energy security, energy efficiency and CO2 emissions.
- Supply indicators: Annual historical reserves, capacity, production and external trade (imports(+) exports(-) balance).
- Demand indicators: Annual historical consumption per capita, consumption trends, total consumption, final consumption (per energy and per sector) and electricity consumption total and per sector.
- Energy Balance: total and per energy.
- Brazil Energy Prices: In addition to the analysis provided on the report we also provided a data set which includes historical details on the Brazil energy prices for the follow items: price of premium gasoline (taxes incl.), price of diesel (taxes incl.), price of electricity in industry (taxes incl.), price of electricity for households (taxes incl.), price of natural gas in industry (taxes incl.), prices of natural gas for households (taxes incl.), spot price of Brent and CO2 emissions (from fuel combustion).
The Brazil country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.
Data included in the excelsheet:
- Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
- Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
- CO2: Total CO2 emissions.
- Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
- Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO2 emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.