- Update
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- Format
- 4 files (PDF report, 3 Excel files)
- Pages
-
74 (Report only)
- Delivery
- Immediate by e-mail
- GENERAL OVERVIEW
- ENERGY AND CLIMATE POLICY FRAMEWORK
- ENERGY COMPANIES
- ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND
- ENERGY USE AND PRICE BY SECTOR
- ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
- STATISTICS
- ABBREVIATIONS
- GLOSSARY
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Overview
Brazil’s energy sector is advancing with ambitious climate targets, including a 63% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2035 and a 45–50% renewable energy share by 2030. A cap-and-trade carbon market launched in 2024, while the electricity market is liberalising, with 40% of demand now eligible for free trading. Renewables dominate power generation, supported by biofuel mandates and expanding offshore wind incentives.
Get more details on the table of contents and data files, as well as the list of graphs and tables by browsing the tabs below.
Highlights
- Brazil targets a share of 51% of renewables in its energy mix in 2035 and a 63% cut in GHG emissions compared to 2005. The cap-and-trade carbon market will be expanded in several phases, from 2027 to 2031.
- Axia Energia (ex-Eletrobras), the federal holding company, is the largest power generator, with 18% of the power production. Three companies control 45% of the power distribution (Neoenergia/Iberdrola, Enel, and EQTL). Petrobras is responsible for around 2/3 of the oil output and over 90% of gas production.
- Total energy consumption rose by 3%/year since 2020. Solar capacity, which soared by around 40%/year from 2022 to 2025, is mainly led by micro and mini distributed PV. Carbon free sources account for 90% of the power mix (2025). Oil production is increasing rapidly (5%/year since 2013). Brazil is the second biofuel producer in the world after the US.
- Final energy consumption is rising strongly since 2020 (+3%/year), with biomass representing 33% of its mix in 2025. Gasoline prices are close to the Latin American average, while electricity and diesel prices are among the highest.
- The country's consumption should double by 2050, and power consumption should triple. Around 110 GW of solar and wind projects are under development across the country.
Energy & Climate Policy Framework
The Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) has the responsibility for the whole energy sector.
CNPE, the National Council for Energy Policy, is the advisory body for the energy policy; it is composed of government representatives, experts in energy, and non-governmental organisations.
EPE, the Energy Research Company under MME, is in charge of energy planning.
Energy Companies
Electricity:
Axia Energia (Eletrobras until October 2025) (State 40%) has a production capacity of 44 GW, which represented 17% of the country's capacity in 2025 (36% in 2011) and generated 141 TWh (18%). Axia Energia holds shares in two large hydropower plants, namely the 3.8 GW Jirau (40% share) and the 3.57 GW Santo Antonio (99.7% share).
Energy Supply & Demand
Resources:
Brazil has large energy resources. Proven reserves of oil and condensates are estimated at 2.3 Gt and gas reserves at 546 bcm (end of 2025). Coal and lignite reserves are at 5 Gt. With 53 kt of uranium, Brazil has the world's 6th largest uranium reserves. The economically exploitable hydroelectric potential is high (763 TWh, i.e. twice the current level of production).
Energy Use and Price by Sector
Energy Prices in Transport:
In 2025, the price of gasoline grew by 1.6% to US$ 1.12/l and that of diesel was almost stable at US$1.09/l (-0.8%). From 2020 to 2022, they increased dramatically, especially for diesel (+40%/year, i.e. twice more than gasoline), due to global price rises and the decision of Petrobras to increase gasoline prices by 19% and diesel prices by 25% for distributors at the refinery gate in 2022.
Issues & Prospects
According to the 10-Year Energy Expansion Plan 2035 (Plano Decenal de Expansão de Energia 2035, PDE 2035), final energy consumption should grow by an average of 1.8%/year between 2024 and 2035 to reach 360 Mtoe, with 35% coming from oil products, 24% from biomass, 22% from electricity, 8% from natural gas, and 4% from coal.
- Graph 1: Final Intensity to GDP
- Graph 2: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source
- Graph 3: Total Consumption Market Share by Energy (2025)
- Graph 4: Installed Electric Capacity by Source
- Graph 5: Installed Electric Capacity by Source (2025)
- Graph 6: Gross Power Production by Source & Consumption
- Graph 7: Power Generation by Source (2025)
- Graph 8: CO2 Intensity of Electricity Generation
- Graph 9: Crude Oil Production & Consumption
- Graph 10: Petroleum Products Production & Consumption
- Graph 11: Gas Production & Consumption
- Graph 12: Coal Production & Consumption
- Graph 13: Emissions of GHG and CO2 from Fuel Combustion
- Graph 14: CO2-Emissions per Capita
- Graph 15: CO2 Intensity to GDP
- Graph 16: Final Demand Trends by Energy Source
- Graph 17: Final Consumption by Sector
- Graph 18: Final Consumption Market Share by Sector (2025)
- Graph 19: Share of Electricity in Total Final Energy Consumption
- Graph 20: Final Consumption in Industry by Energy Source
- Graph 21: Energy Prices in Industry (Taxes Included)
- Graph 22: Final Consumption in Transport by Energy Source
- Graph 23: Energy Prices in Transport (Taxes Included)
- Graph 24: Final Consumption in Residential, Services, Agriculture by Energy Source
- Graph 25: Energy Prices in Residential (Taxes Included)
- Graph 26: Upcoming New Capacity by Energy Source
- Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions.
- Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
- Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
- Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.
The Brazil energy market data since 1990 and up to
is included in the Excel file accompanying the Brazil country report.
It showcases the historical evolution, allowing users to easily work with the data.
Key Data included in the excelsheet:
- Economic indicators: Annual historical economic indicators, energy security, energy efficiency and CO2 emissions.
- Supply indicators: Annual historical reserves, capacity, production and external trade (imports(+) exports(-) balance).
- Demand indicators: Annual historical consumption per capita, consumption trends, total consumption, final consumption (per energy and per sector) and electricity consumption total and per sector.
- Energy Balance: total and per energy.
- Brazil Energy Prices: In addition to the analysis provided on the report we also provided a data set which includes historical details on the Brazil energy prices for the follow items: price of premium gasoline (taxes incl.), price of diesel (taxes incl.), price of electricity in industry (taxes incl.), price of electricity for households (taxes incl.), price of natural gas in industry (taxes incl.), prices of natural gas for households (taxes incl.), spot price of Brent and CO2 emissions (from fuel combustion).
The Brazil country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.
Data included in the excelsheet:
- Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
- Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
- CO2: Total CO2 emissions.
- Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
- Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO2 emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.