Belgium Energy Information

Belgium Energy Research

- Belgium's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: Belgium has removed its nuclear phase-out, updated its energy governance across federal and regional levels, and targets 20.4% renewable energy by 2030 alongside broader climate commitments.

- Belgium's Energy Companies: Engie maintains a dominant position in the Belgian energy market, leading both electricity generation and gas supply, while regional operators manage distribution and Elia oversees transmission.

- Belgium's Energy Supply & Demand: Belgium’s 2025 energy profile shows high per capita consumption, heavy reliance on fossil fuels, and a declining power generation sector, despite significant growth in renewable and CO₂-free capacity.

- Belgium's Energy Use & Price by Sector: Final energy consumption has fallen 2% annually since 2021, with oil dominating at 49%. Electricity and gas prices remain notably higher than the EU average, impacting residential and industrial costs.

- Belgium's Issues & Prospects: Belgium is expanding its energy infrastructure, focusing on offshore wind, nuclear asset negotiations, LNG terminal capacity, and hydrogen strategies to meet rising long-term electricity demand.

Belgium Total Energy Production & Consumption

In 2025, total energy consumption at normal climate has been decreasing by 3.7% since 2021 to 47 Mtoe, after a sharp post-Covid rebound in 2021 (+10%). Previously, between 2010 and 2019, energy consumption at normal climate decreased by 1%/year.

Consumption per capita is much higher than the EU average: 3.9 toe in 2025, which is 43% higher.

Graph: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source

Source: Belgium energy report

Interactive Chart Belgium Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Belgium Oil Production & Consumption

All the oil is imported (31 Mt in 2025). Crude oil accounts for around 56% of oil imports. In 2025, 23% of crude oil was imported from Norway, from Kazakhstan (17%), from the US (15%), from OPEP countries (11%) and from the UK (4%). Crude oil consumption decreased by 5% to 30 Mtoe in 2025 after a 3.4%/year increase over 2020-2024. Previously, it fluctuated around 35 Mtoe over 2010-2019.

Source: Belgium energy report

Interactive Chart Belgium Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart Belgium Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Belgium Natural Gas Production & Consumption

Since 2000, all the gas consumed is imported (net imports amounted to 14.4 bcm in 2025. LNG imports are increasing rapidly and represented 58% of gas imports in 2025 (up from 20% in 2021). In 2024, Russian's share in imported LNG remained significant (around 60%). In 2025, the government implemented restriction on Russian LNG imports.

The country has an LNG regasification unit in Zeebrugge with a capacity of 15.4 bcm/year.

Source: Belgium energy report

Interactive Chart Belgium Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Belgium Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Coal production ceased in 2016. In 2025, coal imports reached around 4.0 Mt (-10% compared to 2024) after remaining stable between 2023 and 2024. In 2022, they increased by 13%. In 2025, they were 41% lower than in 2010.

Coal consumption has been decreasing since 2010 (-2.2%/year), reaching 4.1 Mt in 2025. Most of the coal is used in industry.

Graph: Coal Production & Consumption

Source: Belgium energy report

Interactive Chart Belgium Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Belgium Renewable in % Electricity Production

The target set in the final NECP is 20.4% of renewables in final consumption for 2030. In 2024, this share amounted to 14.3%, of which 32% was for electricity, 11.5% for heating, and 10.8% for transport.

Belgium was 1 point short of its 2020 target.

Source: Belgium energy report

Interactive Chart Belgium Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Belgium GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

The policies to fight Climate Change are defined at the federal level, while the implementation is split between the State and the regions: each region has its own climate plan and target. The National Climate Commission (NCC) controls the implementation of the National Climate Plan.

The NECP set a federal binding target for GHG emissions reduction in non-ETS sectors of 47% in 2030 compared to 2005, a target that is unlikely of being met according to the NECP. Federal regions have different contributions to the -47% target: -40% in Flanders, -47% in Wallonia and -47% in Brussels.

Source: Belgium energy report

Interactive Chart Belgium CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data