Australia Key Figures
- Population:
- 26.3 million
- GDP growth rate:
- 2.06 %/year
- Energy independence:
- 100%
Data of the last year available: 2023
- Total consumption/GDP:*
- 74.6 (2005=100)
- CO2 Emissions:
- 13.6 tCO2/capita
- Rate of T&D power losses:
- 5.11%
* at purchasing power parity
View all macro and energy indicators in the Australia energy report
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Total Energy Consumption
Per capita energy consumption is around 25% higher than the average of OECD countries, amounting to 5.0 toe/cap in 2023, while per capita electricity consumption was 9.3 MWh/cap.
Total energy consumption remained relatively stable between 2010 and 2023 (between 130 and 135 Mtoe according to the year considered).
Interactive Chart Australia Total Energy Consumption
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View the detailed fondamentals of the market at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Australia energy report
Crude Oil Production
Australia's production of liquid hydrocarbons (crude oil, condensates, and NGLs) dropped by 13% in 2023 to 15.8 Mt. It increased by 40% between 2018 and 2020, reaching 20 Mt, and declined slightly until 2022.
Oil production halved between its peak at 32 Mt in 2000 and 2023, due to the decline in production from mature basins. The production is mostly due to its two largest producing basins, the Browse and Carnarvon basins in north-western Australia.
Interactive Chart Australia Crude Oil Production
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Oil Products Consumption
The consumption of oil products has fluctuated within a range of 44 to 48 Mtoe since 2011.
The transport sector accounts for 63% of oil consumption, followed by industry (10%), non-energy uses (9%), and the hydrocarbon sector (8%).
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2023, %)
Interactive Chart Australia Refined Oil Products Production
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Natural Gas Consumption
Natural gas consumption increased very rapidly between 2006 and 2020 (3.4%/year on average) before stabilising around 45 bcm since 2020. This increase was mainly driven by the development of gas-fired power capacity and the explosion of the LNG sector.
The industry accounts for 36% of consumption, electricity production for 29%, the hydrocarbon sector for 21%, and buildings and agriculture for 14%.
Graph: NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION (bcm)
Interactive Chart Australia Natural Gas Domestic Consumption
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Coal Consumption
Coal and lignite consumption has declined by 35% since its peak in 2009, reaching 92 Mt in 2023. Most of the consumption goes to power generation (91%) and the remainder to industry.
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2023, %)
Interactive Chart Australia Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption
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View the detailed consumption trends at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Australia energy report
Power Consumption
Electricity consumption increased steadily between 2015 and 2022, by 0.5%/year on average, reaching 245 TWh in 2023. This increase is mainly driven by the residential sector.
Industry is the largest user of electricity with 32% of the consumption, followed by households (28%), services (27%), and the energy sector hydrocarbon and coal mining and processing ("others").
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)
CO2 Fuel Combustion/CO2 Emissions
In 2022, Australia raised its 2030 carbon emission reduction target to 43% by 2030 (from 2005 levels), up from the previous target of between 26% and 28% set in its updated NDC.
GHG emissions have decreased by 25% since 2005, from 621 MtCO2eq to 467 MtCO2eq in 2023 (Fiscal Year ending in June), with the goal of 354 MtCO2eq in 2030.
The government committed to reaching net-zero emissions by 2050 in its Long-Term Strategy (2021), which was approved by the Australian Senate in September 2022. Several Australian states have set more ambitious targets: