United States Energy Information

United States Energy Research

- United States's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: The US energy and climate policy framework is shaped by federal and state regulations, with conflicting priorities between reducing emissions and expanding fossil fuel use. Key agencies like the DoE, FERC, and EPA oversee energy and environmental policies. The Inflation Reduction Act aims for a 40% GHG reduction by 2030, but recent executive orders prioritise fossil fuels and nuclear energy. State-level policies vary, with some states targeting 100% renewable energy. The US has withdrawn from the Paris Agreement, undermining its climate commitments.

- United States's Energy Companies: The US energy sector is dominated by large firms in electricity, oil, gas, and coal. Key players include NextEra Energy, Chevron, ExxonMobil, and EQT, with significant investments in renewables and infrastructure.

- United States's Energy Supply & Demand: The US is the world's top oil and gas producer, with energy consumption slightly rising post-2021. Carbon-free sources now make up 40% of the power mix, while coal use has plummeted by 63% since 2007. The nation achieved energy independence in 2019 and remains a net energy exporter. Electricity generation is dominated by gas and renewables, with solar and wind capacity expanding rapidly. Oil and gas production continues to grow, though coal output has halved since 2008. GHG emissions are projected to decline significantly by 2040, driven by the Inflation Reduction Act.

- United States's Energy Use & Price by Sector: In 2024, oil dominates US energy use (46%), with transport as the largest consuming sector. Energy prices remain below OECD averages, and electricity's share is rising.

- United States's Issues & Prospects: The US energy sector is undergoing significant changes, with LNG export capacities set to rise by over 50% by 2026 and volumes doubling by 2050. Coal and nuclear capacities are declining, while solar and wind power are expanding rapidly. The US aims to deploy 200 GW of new nuclear energy by 2050, alongside substantial investments in gas, transmission, and green hydrogen projects. Offshore wind development faces uncertainty due to recent policy shifts. Overall, energy consumption is projected to grow modestly, with renewables playing an increasingly dominant role.

United States Total Energy Production & Consumption

The country's total consumption at normal climate has increased slightly since 2021 (+0.5%/year), reaching 2.18 Gtoe in 2024. It is still 2% below its pre-Covid level. Consumption remained relatively stable between 2010 and 2019. The United States is the 2nd largest world energy consumer, behind China. Per capita consumption was around 6.5 toe/cap in 2024, which is more than 70% higher than the OECD average.

Graph: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source

Source: United States energy report

Interactive Chart United States Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

United States Oil Production & Consumption

Oil production (crude and NGL) has increased by around 5%/year since 2020, reaching 855 Mt in 2024 after a 5% drop in 2020. It more than doubled between 2011 and 2019 (10%/year). Non-conventional sources now account for more than 50% of total oil production. Since 2017, the United States has become the largest oil producer in the world. Oil production is concentrated in onshore Texas, around the Gulf of Mexico, North Dakota, California, and Alaska.

The US is still a net importer of crude oil and NGL, but net imports have decreased by 74% since 2010, reaching 127 Mt in 2024.

Source: United States energy report

Interactive Chart United States Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart United States Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

United States Natural Gas Production & Consumption

Natural gas production increased by 4%/year from 2020 to 2023 and remained stable in 2024 (1 092 bcm). This progression, which is in line with the pre-covid trend (5%/year between 2005 and 2019), is mainly driven by shale gas production, which went from 53 bcm in 2006 to 823 bcm in 2023 (76% of total gas production). The Marcellus region (West Virginia and Pennsylvania) is the largest producing shale gas basin in the US, accounting for about one third of shale gas production. The US is the largest natural gas producer worldwide.

Source: United States energy report

Interactive Chart United States Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

United States Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Coal and lignite production has decreased by 50% since 2008, reaching 464 Mt in 2024; it dropped by 24% in 2020, rebounded by 8% and 2% in 2021 and 2022, and then decreased again by 2% in 2023 and 11% in 2024. It dropped at a higher pace since 2014 (-8%/year on average). The main production areas are Wyoming, followed by West Virginia and Kentucky. Most of the production is located in the Western region and the Powder River basin.

Source: United States energy report

Interactive Chart United States Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

United States Renewable in % Electricity Production

The last NDC aims at having a fully decarbonized power generation system by 2035.

Source: United States energy report

Interactive Chart United States Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

United States GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

The US unveiled a new NDC in December 2024 targeting an emissions reduction of 61-66% by 2035, which would bring emissions down to between 2.24 GtCO2eq and 2.57 GtCO2eq (between 3.16 GtCO2eq and 3.29 GtCO2eq in 2030) (6.59 GtCO2eq in 2005). This commitment is, however, questioned by the new Trump administration, which signed an executive order in January 2025 withdrawing the US from the Paris Climate Agreement. The US first ratified this agreement in 2016 and a second time in 2021 after a first withdrawal in 2020; the country represents around 18% of global GHG emissions.

Source: United States energy report

Interactive Chart United States CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data