United States Energy Information

United States Energy Research

- United States's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: US climate policy under Trump prioritises fossil fuels, rolling back renewables and Paris Agreement commitments.

- United States's Energy Companies: Major US energy firms dominate electricity, oil, gas, and coal sectors, with Chevron leading oil production and NextEra Energy the largest electricity generator.

- United States's Energy Supply & Demand: US leads in oil/gas production, with rising renewables (42% of power mix by 2025) and net energy exporter status.

- United States's Energy Use & Price by Sector: US energy prices remain 40-50% below OECD average. Oil dominates final consumption (46%), with transport (38%) the top sector. Electricity share expected to rise to 52% by 2050.

- United States's Issues & Prospects: US energy outlook: LNG exports to surge 80% by 2030; renewables to dominate capacity by 2050.

United States Total Energy Production & Consumption

The country's total consumption at normal climate has increased slightly since 2021 (+1%/year), reaching 2.22 Gtoe in 2025. It is back to its pre-Covid level. Consumption remained relatively stable between 2010 and 2019. The United States is the 2nd largest energy consumer in the world, behind China. Per capita consumption was around 6.5 toe/capin 2025, which is more than 70% higher than the OECD average.

Graph: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source

Source: United States energy report

Interactive Chart United States Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

United States Oil Production & Consumption

Oil production (crude and NGL) has increased by around 5%/year since 2020, reaching 865 Mt in 225. It more than doubled between 2011 and 2019 (10%/year). Non-conventional sources now account for more than 50% of total oil production. Since 2017, the United States has become the largest oil producer in the world. Oil production is concentrated in onshore Texas, around the Gulf of Mexico, North Dakota, California, and Alaska.

The US is still a net importer of crude oil and NGL, but net imports have decreased by 78% since 2010, reaching 117 Mt in 2025.

Source: United States energy report

Interactive Chart United States Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart United States Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

United States Natural Gas Production & Consumption

Natural gas production increased by 3.5%/year from 2020 to 2025 to 1 140 bcm. This progression, which is in line with the pre-covid trend (5%/year between 2005 and 2019), is mainly driven by shale gas production, which went from 53 bcm in 2006 to 845 bcm in 2024 (3/4 of total gas production). The Marcellus region (West Virginia and Pennsylvania) is the largest producing shale gas basin in the US, accounting for about one third of shale gas production. The US is the largest natural gas producer worldwide.

Source: United States energy report

Interactive Chart United States Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

United States Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Coal and lignite production has decreased by 50% from 2008 to 2024, reaching 464 Mt in 2024. However, it has increased by 4% in 2025, due to Trump coal related policies. The main production areas are Wyoming, followed by West Virginia and Kentucky.

Source: United States energy report

Interactive Chart United States Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

United States Renewable in % Electricity Production

The last NDC aims at having a fully decarbonized power generation system by 2035.

Source: United States energy report

Interactive Chart United States Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

United States GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

In its last NDC (2024), the US targeted an emissions reduction of 61-66% by 2035 compared to 2005, which would bring emissions down to between 2.24 GtCO2eq and 2.57 GtCO2eq. The government's official projections forecast in 2024 expected that, in light of the implementation of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), GHG emissions would decline by 29-46% by 2030, 36-57% by 2035, and 34-64% by 2040 (compared to 2005). But now, under the OBBBA, US emissions are expected to be only 20% to 30% below 2005 levels by 2030.

Source: United States energy report

Interactive Chart United States CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data