Türkiye Energy Information

Türkiye Energy Research

- Türkiye's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: Türkiye aims to cut GHG emissions by 41% by 2030 and boost renewables to 65% of electricity capacity by 2035. MENR and EMRA oversee energy policies and market regulation. The National Energy Plan 2022-2035 outlines strategies for energy efficiency, supply security, and renewable expansion.

- Türkiye's Energy Companies: In Türkiye, private firms dominate power generation, while municipal companies manage distribution. Key players include EUAS (state-owned), ENKA Power, and EnerjiSA. Transmission is controlled by TEIAS. Oil and gas sectors are led by TPAO, BOTAŞ, and Tüpras, with significant private and international involvement. Coal and lignite are primarily state-managed, with ongoing privatisation efforts.

- Türkiye's Energy Supply & Demand: Türkiye's energy mix in 2024 features 46% renewables, with wind and solar at 20%. Primary energy consumption grew slowly (+1.7%/year since 2017), with oil stable at 29%, gas and coal declining, and primary electricity rising. Installed power capacity reached 112 GW, driven by solar and wind. Electricity generation rebounded to 350 TWh, with renewables at 44%. Türkiye remains a net exporter of electricity. Oil and gas imports dominate, while domestic coal and lignite production fluctuates. GHG emissions rose to 597 MtCO₂eq in 2024, with energy-related CO₂ emissions decreasing slightly.

- Türkiye's Energy Use & Price by Sector: In 2024, final energy consumption rose by 4% to 119 Mtoe, with oil and gas being primary fuels. Buildings and agriculture led consumption, followed by transport and industry. Electricity's share grew slightly, while prices for gas and electricity fluctuated, reflecting market trends.

- Türkiye's Issues & Prospects: Türkiye plans to quadruple wind and solar capacity to 120 GW by 2035, with 4 GW of geothermal by 2030. Four nuclear units are set to be commissioned by 2028, and overall capacity is expected to reach 190 GW by 2035.

Türkiye Total Energy Production & Consumption

Primary energy consumption has been slowing down since 2017 (+1.7%/year), after a more rapid growth between 2000 and 2017 (+3.3%/year). Primary consumption per capita reached 1.9 toe in 2024.

The share of oil in the energy mix has remained quite stable since 2010 (29% in 2024), while the share of gas and coal have lost 5 and 6 pp, respectively, to 26% and 25% in 2024, to the benefit of primary electricity (+8 pp to 13%). The share of biomass was 4% in 2024 (stable).

Graph: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source

Source: Türkiye energy report

Interactive Chart Türkiye Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Türkiye Oil Production & Consumption

Türkiye covers only 16% of its total oil needs with a production of 6.5 Mt of crude oil (2024). However, its crude oil production has been growing by 8.4%/year since 2011, and by 21%/year over the last two years.

In 2024, crude oil imports reached 30 Mt, up by 5.6%/year over the last 10 years. Crude oil exports are very low (0.7 Mt in 2024).

Crude oil consumption rose significantly between 2010 and 2022 (+6.9%/year), to reach a record high 41 Mt. It decreased slowly since 2022 (-1.9%/year).

Graph: Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Türkiye energy report

Interactive Chart Türkiye Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart Türkiye Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Türkiye Natural Gas Production & Consumption

The production of natural gas reached 2.3 bcm in 2024, a record high since 1990. Most of the production comes from the Black Sea's Sakarya field, where over 600 bcm worth of gas have been discovered by TPAO since 2020. First commercial production started in 2023 and construction of a pipeline to connect the field to the national infrastructure has started in 2022.

Source: Türkiye energy report

Interactive Chart Türkiye Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Türkiye Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Coal and lignite production increased by 17% in 2024, reaching 77 Mt. It decreased significantly in 2023 (-31%), after a record high of 95 Mt in 2022. It was increasing for the second consecutive year after a drop to 75 Mt in 2020, due to lower power generation. Previously, it had recorded rapid growth from 2015 to 2018 (+13%/year), after decreasing between 2008 and 2015.

Imports have almost doubled since 2010, reaching 43 Mt in 2024, due to a strong increase in domestic demand. Exports are low (less than 1 Mt)

Source: Türkiye energy report

Interactive Chart Türkiye Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Türkiye Renewable in % Electricity Production

The General Directorate of Renewable Energy of MENR is in charge of implementing policy on renewables.

As part of the National Energy Plan 2022-2035, renewables are expected to account for 75% of the new power capacity that will be commissioned and will make up 65% of total capacity in 2035 (55% in 2024).

Source: Türkiye energy report

Interactive Chart Türkiye Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Türkiye GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

In its updated NDC (November 2025), Türkiye pledged to cut its GHG emissions in 2035 by 42% below a BAU scenario (41% in its 2023 updated NDC). This corresponds to a reduction by 466 MtCO2eq, which would limit GHG emissions to 643 MtCO2eq (incl. LULUCF) in 2035, which still corresponds to a level around 65% higher than 2012 level.

Türkiye also intends to peak its emissions in 2038 at the latest and achieve net zero by 2053.

Source: Türkiye energy report

Interactive Chart Türkiye CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data