Turkiye Key Figures
- Population:
- 85.4 million
- GDP growth rate:
- 11.0 %/year
- Energy independence:
- 29.0%
Data of the last year available: 2021
- Total consumption/GDP:*
- 90.2 (2005=100)
- CO2 Emissions:
- 4.94 tCO2/capita
- Rate of T&D power losses:
- 10.1%
* at purchasing power parity
View all macro and energy indicators in the Türkiye energy report
Turkiye Related News
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Turkiye Related Research
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
A data overview is available in the global energy statistics app
Total Energy Consumption
Total consumption per capita is around 1.9 toe (2021) (of which 3 300 kWh of electricity) compared to about 3.1 toe for the EU.
Interactive Chart Turkiye Total Energy Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
View the detailed fondamentals of the market at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Türkiye energy report
Crude Oil Production
Turkey covers only 10% of its total oil needs with a production of 4.3 Mt of crude oil (2021).
The total refining capacity of 0.8 mb/d is distributed over 6 refineries, including 2 large ones belonging to Tupras: Izmir and Izmit (0.2 mb/d each). The STAR refinery (0.2 mb/d) was completed in 2018 by Socar.
In 2021, net crude and oil product imports reached 43 Mt, just below the 2016-2019 average. The share of crude in that amount has surged to about 70% since 2019, from 50% in 2018, due to the STAR refinery starting operations.
Interactive Chart Turkiye Crude Oil Production
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on refineries, you can request a sample of our EMEA Refineries Dataset
Oil Products Consumption
Oil consumption increased by 6% in 2021 to 44 Mt. It had been stable over the last three years (42 Mt in 2020), following a period of rapid growth between 2010 and 2017 (4.5%/year), driven by the transport sector.
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Interactive Chart Turkiye Refined Oil Products Production
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on refineries, you can request a sample of our EMEA Refineries Dataset
Natural Gas Consumption
Gas consumption surged to 60 bcm in 2021, 24% higher than in 2020, driven by high economic growth and limited hydropower availability. This constitutes a second year of rebound following a substantial drop over 2018 and 2019 (-16%) as a result of successive gas price hikes during the period, combined with a lower need for power generation.
Between 2000 and 2014, gas consumption grew very rapidly (9%/year) and then started to decrease in 2015 and 2016, driven by the power sector.
Interactive Chart Turkiye Natural Gas Domestic Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on the LNG trade, you can request a sample of our EMEA LNG Trade Dataset
Coal Consumption
Coal and lignite consumption rebounded in 2021 to its 2019 level of 124 Mt, following a 10% drop in 2020 due to decreased demand from power plants. Coal and lignite consumption rose by 8%/year over 2015-2019.
Of the total demand, 75% is used to produce electricity, 16% is consumed by industry, and the remainder is consumed by buildings.
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2021, %)
Interactive Chart Turkiye Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
View the detailed consumption trends at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Türkiye energy report
Power Consumption
Electricity consumption increased by 8% in 2021, reaching 284 TWh. It had been increasing slowly since 2018, following a period of very rapid growth over 2010-2018 (over 5%/year).
Buildings absorb the highest share with 52% (of which, services 27% and residential 24%), followed by industry with 43%.
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2021, %)
Renewable in % Electricity Production
The General Directorate of Renewable Energy of MENR is in charge of implementing policy on renewables.
Turkey aims to produce 50% of its electricity from renewables by 2023 (36% in 2021). The initial target of 30% set in the Electricity Market and Security of Supply Strategy was raised to 50% in 2018 as it was already surpassed in 2017 with 32%.
Interactive Chart Turkiye Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Learn more about renewables in the European Battery Market Analysis
CO2 Fuel Combustion/CO2 Emissions
In its first NDC, submitted in 2021, Turkey pledges to cut its GHG emissions in 2030 by 21% below a BAU scenario. The BAU scenario leads to GHG emissions of 1 175 MtCO2eq by 2030 (173% more than in 2012, reference year). The 21% cut would limit GHG emissions to 929 MtCO2eq, which would still be more than twice the 2012 level.