Turkiye Key Figures
- Population:
- 85.3 million
- GDP growth rate:
- 5.57 %/year
- Energy independence:
- 33.1%
Data of the last year available: 2022
- Total consumption/GDP:*
- 81.8 (2005=100)
- CO2 Emissions:
- 4.69 tCO2/capita
- Rate of T&D power losses:
- 8.98%
* at purchasing power parity
View all macro and energy indicators in the Türkiye energy report
Turkiye Related News
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Turkiye Related Research
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Total Energy Consumption
Total consumption per capita is around 1.8 toe (2022) (of which 3 300 kWh of electricity) compared to about 3.1 toe for the EU.
Total energy consumption contracted by 3% in 2022 to 156 Mtoe, despite high economic growth (5.6%), because of substantial price hikes in transport and industry. It increased by over 8% in 2021, and had previously been stable at around 147 Mtoe over 2017-2020, in a context of low economic growth. Total energy consumption had been growing at a rapid pace between 2000 and 2017 (around 4%/year).
Interactive Chart Turkiye Total Energy Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
View the detailed fondamentals of the market at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Türkiye energy report
Crude Oil Production
Türkiye covers only 10% of its total oil needs with a production of 4.6 Mt of crude oil (2022).
The total refining capacity of 0.8 mb/d is distributed over 6 refineries, including 2 large ones belonging to Tupras: Izmir and Izmit (0.2 mb/d each). The STAR refinery (0.2 mb/d) was completed in 2018 by Socar.
In 2022, net crude and oil product imports reached 45 Mt, close to the 2016-2019 average. The share of crude in that amount has surged to over 70% since 2019, from 50% in 2018, due to the STAR refinery starting operations.
Interactive Chart Turkiye Crude Oil Production
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on refineries, you can request a sample of our EMEA Refineries Dataset
Oil Products Consumption
Oil consumption increased for the second consecutive year in 2022 to 44 Mt (+2%). It had been stable over 2017-2020 at around 42 Mt, following a period of rapid growth between 2010 and 2017 (4.5%/year), driven by the transport sector.
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Interactive Chart Turkiye Refined Oil Products Production
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on refineries, you can request a sample of our EMEA Refineries Dataset
Natural Gas Consumption
Gas consumption dropped by 14% in 2022 to 51 bcm, driven by large price increases and reduced consumption from power plants. It had previously surged by 32% over 2019-2021, due to high economic growth and low hydropower availability.
Between 2000 and 2014, gas consumption grew very rapidly (9%/year), but growth since then has been lower and more chaotic, depending on gas-fired power generation needs and due to efforts to limit consumption through price hikes (notably in 2018 and 2019).
Interactive Chart Turkiye Natural Gas Domestic Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on the LNG trade, you can request a sample of our EMEA LNG Trade Dataset
Coal Consumption
Coal and lignite consumption increased by 5% in 2022 to 130 Mt. In 2021, it rebounded to its 2019 level, following a 10% drop in 2020 due to decreased demand from power plants. Coal and lignite consumption rose by 8%/year over 2015-2019.
Of the total demand, 81% is used to produce electricity, 14% is consumed by industry, and the remainder is consumed by buildings.
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2022, %)
Interactive Chart Turkiye Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
View the detailed consumption trends at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Türkiye energy report
Power Consumption
Electricity consumption remained stable in 2022 at 286 TWh, with price hikes in 2022 bringing down its 8% growth in 2021. Electricity consumption had been increasing slowly as from 2018, following a period of very rapid growth over 2010-2018 (over 5%/year).
Industry absorb the highest share with 47%, followed by services (24%) and residential (22%).
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2022, %)
Renewable in % Electricity Production
The General Directorate of Renewable Energy of MENR is in charge of implementing policy on renewables.
As part of the National Energy Plan 2022-2035, renewables are expected to account for 75% of the new power capacity that will be commissioned and will make up 65% of total capacity in 2035 (from 52% in 2022).
Interactive Chart Turkiye Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Learn more about renewables in the European Battery Market Analysis
CO2 Fuel Combustion/CO2 Emissions
In its updated NDC (2023), Türkiye pledged to cut its GHG emissions in 2030 by 41% below a BAU scenario (compared to 21% in its initial NDC). This cut would limit GHG emissions to 695 MtCO2eq (incl. LULUCF), which still corresponds to a level around 60% higher than 2012 level.