Taiwan Energy Information

Taiwan Energy Research

- Taiwan's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: Taiwan aims for 30% renewables in its power mix by 2030, phasing out nuclear and targeting a 30% GHG reduction by 2030. The Energy Administration and Climate Change Administration oversee policies, including a 50% natural gas, 30% renewables, and 20% coal power mix by 2030. Recent amendments to the Electricity Act allow Taipower to maintain its integrated model, ensuring grid stability. Renewable energy targets include 20% by 2026 and 30% by 2030, with significant investments in offshore wind and green growth funds. The government also promotes energy efficiency and smart grids, aiming for rapid reductions in energy intensity. Taiwan's NDC 3.0 targets a 36–40% GHG reduction by 2035, with interim goals and a focus on carbon pricing and green financing.

- Taiwan's Energy Companies: Taiwan's energy sector is dominated by state-owned Taipower (electricity) and CPC (hydrocarbons). Taipower, with 68% of power generation, relies heavily on thermal plants and has phased out nuclear units. Key players include Formosa Petrochemical and Ørsted in renewables. CPC oversees oil and gas, with significant overseas operations and LNG terminals. Transmission and distribution are managed by Taipower, with plans to enhance grid reliability.

- Taiwan's Energy Supply & Demand: Taiwan's energy mix is shifting, with gas surpassing coal in power generation (43% vs 39% in 2024). Solar capacity is growing rapidly (22% of installed capacity), while nuclear has declined. Primary energy consumption remains stable at 109 Mtoe, with oil and coal each accounting for a third. Per capita consumption is high at 4.6 toe. Fossil fuel imports dominate, with limited domestic resources.

- Taiwan's Energy Use & Price by Sector: In 2024, Taiwan's final energy demand rose slightly to 70 Mtoe, with industry as the largest consumer. Oil remained the dominant energy source, though its share declined since 2010. Industrial gas and electricity prices increased, while transport fuel prices fell slightly. Residential and commercial sectors saw a rise in energy consumption, primarily driven by electricity.

- Taiwan's Issues & Prospects: Taiwan plans to decommission its 5.5 GW Taichung coal plant by 2034, replacing it with 12.2 GW of gas-fired capacity and significant renewable energy projects, including offshore wind. Key gas and wind projects are under development, with LNG terminals expanding to support increased gas imports.

Taiwan Total Energy Production & Consumption

Primary energy consumption remained stable at 109 Mtoe in 2024, after a 2%/year decline from 2018 to 2023, and relative stability between 2010 and 2018 at around 118 Mtoe. At 4.6 toe, total energy consumption per capita is 3 times higher than the Asian average (1.6 toe).

Oil and coal each account for about one-third of total consumption, while gas represents roughly one quarter. Primary electricity sources (nuclear, hydro, solar, and wind) account for 5%, with biomass contributing 2%.

Graph: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source

Source: Taiwan energy report

Interactive Chart Taiwan Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Taiwan Oil Production & Consumption

Taiwan imports all its crude oil needs (45 Mt of crude in 2024). In 2024, around 60% of the crude oil was imported from the United States and 40% from the Middle East. Consumption fell by 3% to 45 Mt in 2024, after a 1% decrease in 2023 and 4%/year growth from 2020 to 2022. Between 2010 and 2019, consumption fluctuated around 50 Mt.

Source: Taiwan energy report

Interactive Chart Taiwan Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart Taiwan Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Taiwan Natural Gas Production & Consumption

Gas production is negligible (0.1 bcm in 2024). Taiwan is a large importer of LNG (34.8 bcm in 2024, up from 17.8 bcm in 2010 and 7.1 bcm in 2000). In 2024, around 3/4 of the LNG was imported from 3 countries: Australia (38%), Qatar (25%), and United States (10%).

Source: Taiwan energy report

Interactive Chart Taiwan Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Taiwan Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

The country's total coal demand is covered by imports, which decreased by about 1.5%in 2024 to 57.2 Mt (after a 9% decrease in 2023 and a 6% increase in 2022). In 2023, Australia was Taiwan's main coal supplier (51%), followed by Indonesia (25%) and Russia (12%). Coal imports remained stable between 2011 and 2019 after a very rapid rise (19 Mt in 1990, 46 Mt in 2000, and 67 Mt in 2011). Most of the coal is used for power generation (80% in 2024).

Graph: Coal Production & Consumption

Source: Taiwan energy report

Interactive Chart Taiwan Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Taiwan Renewable in % Electricity Production

In accordance with the Second Energy Transition Policy, the government aims to achieve the targets of 20% renewables energy by November 2026 and 30% by 2030 in the power mix.

The "Renewable Energy Development Act" (2009, amended in 2017) raised the renewable capacity target to 27 GW in 2025 (21 GW in 2024). This objective included 1.2 GW of onshore wind by 2020 (target missed as only 0.8 GW were installed), 20 GW of solar by 2025 (71% achieved end-2024), and 5.7 GW of offshore wind by 2025 (44% achieved).

Source: Taiwan energy report

Interactive Chart Taiwan Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Taiwan GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

Although not part of the UNFCCC, Taiwan submits its own NDC. In its last NDC (NDC 3.0 (2025)), Taiwan aims to reduce net GHG emissions by 36-40% by 2035, corresponding to 161.6-172.4 MtCO2eq compared to 2005 levels, with an interim target of 30-34% reduction by 2032.

The National Climate Change Action Guidelines (2017) set out ten general principles to achieve the country's climate mitigation and adaptation targets.

Source: Taiwan energy report

Interactive Chart Taiwan CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data