Taiwan Energy Information

Taiwan Energy Research

- Taiwan's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: Taiwan aims for 30% renewables in its power mix by 2030, phasing out nuclear energy. The Energy Administration and Climate Change Administration oversee energy and climate policies. Recent amendments to the Electricity Act maintain Taipower's integrated model. The government targets 50% natural gas, 30% renewables, and 20% coal in the power mix by 2030. Renewable energy development is supported through feed-in tariffs and incentives, with offshore wind and solar PV being key focus areas. Energy efficiency measures and smart grid deployment are also prioritised. Taiwan seeks to reduce GHG emissions by 36-40% by 2035, with a net-zero target by 2050.

- Taiwan's Energy Companies: Taiwan's energy sector is dominated by state-owned Taipower (electricity) and CPC (hydrocarbons). Taipower generates 68% of Taiwan's power, primarily from thermal plants, while CPC oversees oil and gas operations, including refineries and LNG terminals. Independent producers and foreign firms also contribute to electricity generation, with significant investments in offshore wind and coal-fired plants. Taipower manages transmission and distribution, while CPC handles upstream and downstream oil activities, as well as gas supply and distribution.

- Taiwan's Energy Supply & Demand: Taiwan's energy mix is shifting, with gas surpassing coal in power generation (43% vs 39% in 2024). Solar capacity is growing rapidly, reaching 5% of the power mix. Primary energy consumption remains stable at 109 Mtoe, with oil and coal each accounting for about one-third. Nuclear capacity has declined significantly, while renewable sources like solar and wind are expanding. Taiwan relies heavily on imports for fossil fuels, with limited domestic resources.

- Taiwan's Energy Use & Price by Sector: In 2024, Taiwan's final energy demand rose slightly to 70 Mtoe, with industry as the largest consumer. Oil remained the dominant energy source, though its share declined. Industrial gas and electricity prices surged, while transport fuel prices fell. Residential and commercial sectors saw stable electricity prices and volatile gas prices.

- Taiwan's Issues & Prospects: Taiwan plans to decommission 10GW of coal capacity by 2034, replacing it with 18GW of new thermal power, 90GW of renewables (mostly wind), and expanded LNG infrastructure. Key projects include gas-fired plants, offshore wind farms, and new LNG terminals.

Taiwan Total Energy Production & Consumption

Primary energy consumption remained stable at 109 Mtoe in 2024, after a 2%/year decline from 2018 to 2023, and a relative stability between 2010 and 2018 at around 118 Mtoe. At 4.6 toe, total energy consumption per capita is 3 times higher than the Asian average (1.6 toe).

Oil and coal account for about one-third each of total consumption, while gas represents roughly one quarter. Primary electricity sources (nuclear, hydro, solar, and wind) account for 5%, with biomass contributing 2%.

Graph: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source

Source: Taiwan energy report

Interactive Chart Taiwan Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Taiwan Oil Production & Consumption

Taiwan imports all its crude oil needs (45 Mt of crude in 2024). In 2024, around 60% of the crude oil was imported from the United States and 40% from the Middle East. Consumption fell by 3% to 45 Mt in 2024, after a 1% decrease in 2023 and a 4%/year growth from 2020 to 2022. Between 2010 and 2019, consumption fluctuated around 50 Mt.

Source: Taiwan energy report

Interactive Chart Taiwan Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart Taiwan Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Taiwan Natural Gas Production & Consumption

Gas production is negligible (0.1 bcm in 2024). Taiwan is a large importer of LNG (34.8 bcm in 2024, up from 17.8 bcm in 2010 and 7.1 bcm in 2000). In 2024, around 3/4 of the LNG was imported from 3 countries: Australia (38%), Qatar (25%), and United States (10%).

Source: Taiwan energy report

Interactive Chart Taiwan Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Taiwan Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

The country's total coal demand is covered by imports, which decreased by about 1.5% in 2024 to 57.2 Mt (after a 9% decrease in 2023 and a 6% increase in 2022). In 2023, Australia was Taiwan's main coal supplier (51%), followed by Indonesia (25%) and Russia (12%). Coal imports remained stable between 2011 and 2019 after a very rapid rise (19 Mt in 1990, 46 Mt in 2000, and 67 Mt in 2011). Mots of the coal is used for power generation (80% in 2024).

Graph: Coal Production & Consumption

Source: Taiwan energy report

Interactive Chart Taiwan Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Taiwan Renewable in % Electricity Production

In accordance with the Second Energy Transition Policy, the government aims to achieve the targets of 20% renewables energy by November 2026 and 30% by 2030 in the power mix.

The "Renewable Energy Development Act" (2009, amended in 2017) raised the renewable capacity target to 27 GW in 2025 (21 GW in 2024). This objective included 1.2 GW of onshore wind by 2020 (target missed as only 0.8 GW were installed), 20 GW of solar by 2025 (71% achieved end-2024), and 5.7 GW of offshore wind by 2025 (44% achieved).

Source: Taiwan energy report

Interactive Chart Taiwan Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Taiwan GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

Although not part of the UNFCCC, Taiwan submits its own NDC. In its last NDC (NDC 3.0 (2025), Taiwan aims to reduce net GHG emissions by 36-40% by 2035, corresponding to 161.6-172.4 MtCO2eq compared to 2005 levels, with an interim target of 30-34% reduction by 2032.

The National Climate Change Action Guidelines (2017) set out ten general principles to achieve the country's climate mitigation and adaptation targets.

Source: Taiwan energy report

Interactive Chart Taiwan CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data