Spain Energy Information

Total Energy Consumption

In 2019, total consumption per capita was 2.7 toe (13% lower than the EU average), including 5 100 kWh of electricity (7.5% below the EU average).

Graph: CONSUMPTION TRENDS BY ENERGY SOURCE (Mtoe)

Total energy consumption rose by 3.2%/year between 2014 and 2017 (stable in 2018 and declining by 1.2% to 125 Mtoe in 2019). It fell sharply between 2007 and 2014 with the economic downturn (-3.2%/year, -20%) and is still now 13% below its pre-crisis level of 2007.

Interactive Chart Spain Total Energy Consumption

Crude Oil Production

Oil production is very low (40 kt in 2019). Crude oil imports increased by 3.1%/year from 2011 to 70 Mt in 2018 and then dipped by 1.1% in 2019. Four suppliers accounted for 56% of crude imports in 2019: Nigeria (17%), Mexico (14%), Libya (13%), and Saudi Arabia (10%).

Spain has 9 oil refineries with a total capacity of about 1.5 mb/d (relatively stable for the last 10 years). In 2011, Repsol completed the capacity expansion of its Cartagena refinery (doubled to 220 000 bbl/d), while Repsol commissioned a new coker unit (2 Mt/year) at its Bilbao refinery.

Interactive Chart Spain Crude Oil Production

Oil Products Consumption

Oil product consumption has been recovering since 2014 (+3.1%/year) to 51 Mt in 2018 (stable in 2019). It is, however, still 24% below its peak of 68 Mt in 2005.

Nearly 60% of the oil consumption is absorbed by the transport sector (59% in 2019), with power plants accounting for just 6% of oil demand.

Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)

Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2019, %)

Interactive Chart Spain Refined Oil Products Production

Natural Gas Consumption

The country's gas consumption rose rapidly between 2014 and 2017 (+4.6%/year) and remained roughly stable in 2018 (31 bcm). It rose by nearly 15% in 2019 to more than 35 bcm, as gas consumption in the power sector skyrocketed (+49%, continued replacement of coal-fired generation with gas). Gas consumption fell rapidly between 2008 and 2014 (-6.3%/year) after an 11%/year surge between 2000 and 2008 with the rapid development of CCGT capacities.

Interactive Chart Spain Natural Gas Domestic Consumption

Coal Consumption

Most of the coal and lignite is used for power generation (70% in 2019) and the rest in industry. Coal consumption has been decreasing with coal-fired unit closures, including 64% in 2019.

Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)

Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2019, %)

Interactive Chart Spain Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption

Power Consumption

The country's electricity consumption has recovered slightly since 2014, growing by 1%/year to 243 TWh in 2018; it dipped by 1.5% in 2019, however, mainly due to lower demand from the industrial sector. It decreased by 1.8%/year between 2008 and 2014 after very rapid growth between 2000 and 2008 (3.7%/year).

The share of electricity in final energy consumption regularly increases (23% in 2019, compared to 18% in 1990).

Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)

Renewable in % Electricity Production

According to the National Action Plan for Renewable Energies (PANER, 2010), the share of renewables in final energy consumption should increase to 22.7% in 2020 (17.5% achieved in 2018), of which 18.9% for heating and cooling (17.5% in 2018), 13.6% in transport (6.9% in 2018), and 40% for electricity (35% in 2018).

Interactive Chart Spain Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

CO₂ Fuel Combustion/CO₂ Emissions

After a 25% fall due to the economic downturn between 2007 and 2016, GHG emissions rose by 4.4% in 2017, as coal-fired power generation had to offset lower hydro resources and as road transport emissions continued to rise. In 2017, Spain's GHG emissions stood at 357 MtCO₂eq, i.e. 22% above their 1990 level.