Poland Key Figures
- Population:
- 36.7 million
- GDP growth rate:
- 0.16 %/year
- Energy independence:
- 53.4%
Data of the last year available: 2023
- Total consumption/GDP:*
- 54.4 (2005=100)
- CO2 Emissions:
- 7.25 tCO2/capita
- Rate of T&D power losses:
- 5.40%
* at purchasing power parity
View all macro and energy indicators in the Poland energy report
Poland Energy News
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Poland Energy Research
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Poland Total Energy Consumption
In 2022, total energy consumption per capita was 2.6 toe (around 5% below the EU average), including around 4 100 kWh of electricity (24% below the EU average).
Total energy consumption decreased by 6.5% in 2023 to 97 Mtoe (-5.4% at normal climate). Since 2022, consumption at normal climate has decreased by 4%/year, after a 3% progression in 2021. It increased before by 2.5%/year on average between 2016 and 2019, after a stability over 2010-2016 around 100 Mtoe.
Graph: CONSUMPTION TRENDS BY ENERGY SOURCE (Mtoe)
Interactive Chart Poland Total Energy Consumption
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View the detailed fondamentals of the market at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Poland energy report
Poland Crude Oil Production
Poland's oil production is limited (around 4% of its needs with 1.2 Mt in 2023). In 2022, Poland imported 25.7 Mt of crude oil (+12% compared to 2021). Imports from Russia have dropped to only 5% of crude oil imports in 2023, after accounting for 43% in 2022, and 63% in 2021. Saudi Arabia became the second oil supplier in 2022 (30%), followed by Norway, which more than doubled its market share in 2022 from 5% to 13%.
Interactive Chart Poland Crude Oil Production
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Poland Oil Products Consumption
Oil consumption remained stable in 2023 to 31 Mt, after a rebound of 4% in 2021. Previously, oil consumption had a period of moderate growth between 2017 and 2019 (+1.8%/year), and very rapid growth between 2014 and 2017 (+9.9%/year), thanks to the economic recovery and low oil prices.
Around 70% of oil products are consumed in transport and 15% in industry (including non-energy uses).
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Interactive Chart Poland Refined Oil Products Production
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Poland Natural Gas Consumption
Gas consumption increased by 4% in 2023 to 20 bcm after a drop by 14% in 2022. It has been increasing very rapidly over 2014-2021 (+3.5%/year). Growth was 2%/year on average between 2000 and 2014.
Graph: NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION (bcm)
Households, services, and agriculture accounted for 38% of the country's gas consumption in 2023, followed by industry (including non-energy uses) with 34%, and power plants rebounded to 17% (-3 points in 2023).
Interactive Chart Poland Natural Gas Domestic Consumption
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Poland Coal Consumption
Consumption of coal and lignite dropped by 19% in 2023 to 91 Mt after a moderate reduction in 2022 (-2%) and a 12% rebound in 2021. Previously, coal consumption was decreasing slightly (-0.7%/year over 2000-2019) and declined by 8.5% in 2020.
Coal and lignite are mainly consumed by power plants (80% in 2023). Buildings (residential, services, and agriculture) absorb about 7% of coal consumption; the share of industry is marginal (5.6%).
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Interactive Chart Poland Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption
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View the detailed consumption trends at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Poland energy report
Poland Power Consumption
Electricity consumption has decreased by 2.5%/year since 2021 to 150 TWh in 2023, after a strong rebound in 2021 (6%). Previously, electricity consumption had grown by 1.8%/year between 2010 and 2019.
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)
In 2022, industry consumes 34% of the country's electricity, followed by services with 34%, households with 20%, and transport with 2%.
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2023, %)
Poland Renewable in % Electricity Production
The 2020 target of the European Directive on renewables for a 15% share of renewables in the final consumption was not reached (12.9% in 2020). In 2022, this share reached 16.9% (21% for electricity, 22.7% for heating, and 5.8% in transport).
Interactive Chart Poland Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)
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Learn more about renewables in the European Battery Market Analysis
Poland CO2 Fuel Combustion/CO2 Emissions
GHG emissions (without LULUCF) decreased by 5% in 2022 to 326 MtCO2eq after a rebound by 10% in 2021. They increased by 0.6%/year between 2014 and 2019. In 2022, emissions were 14% below their 1990 level.