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Poland energy report

Poland energy report
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Format
4 files (PDF report, 3 Excel files)
Pages
73 (Report only)
Delivery
Immediate by e-mail
Table of Contents
  • GENERAL OVERVIEW
  • ENERGY AND CLIMATE POLICY FRAMEWORK
  • ENERGY COMPANIES
  • ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND
  • ENERGY USE AND PRICE BY SECTOR
  • ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
  • STATISTICS
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • GLOSSARY

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Overview

Poland’s energy and climate policy centres on reducing greenhouse gas emissions by over half by 2030 while expanding renewables to a third of final consumption and 56% of electricity generation. Governed by the Ministry of Climate and Environment, the strategy prioritises energy security, market liberalisation, and a shift from coal dependency through nuclear, gas, and renewable investments, alongside EU-funded green transition initiatives.

Get more details on the table of contents and data files, as well as the list of graphs and tables by browsing the tabs below.

Highlights

  • By 2030, Poland targets to reach a share of renewables of 32.6% in its final consumption and of 56% in its power mix in 2030, and to cut GHG emissions by 54%, compared to 1990.
  • PGE and ENEA account for half of total power generation.
  • Orlen Group dominates oil and gas supply.
  • Total energy consumption decreased by 4%/year since 2021.
  • The share of coal in the energy mix has decreased by 21 points since 2010 to 33% in 2024, almost at the same level as oil.
  • Final energy consumption remained stable in 2024, after a sharp reduction from 2021 to 2023 (-3.7%/year).
  • Electricity prices are around 17% higher than the EU average for households, and 11% higher for industry.
  • The country aims to integrate 9 GW of renewables and 1.4 GW of ESS by 2035.
  • The European Commission approved a €1.2bn scheme to support the development of a 5.4 GWh ESS.
56%
share of renewables in power mix in 2030
X5
of solar capacity between 2020 and 2024
-54%
GHG emissions by 2030

  • Energy & Climate Policy Framework

    The Ministry of Climate and Environment is in charge of the country's energy policy, markets, and infrastructure, along with energy efficiency and energy security matters, and climate policy. It oversees public companies dealing with coal production, electricity, and petroleum extraction.

  • Energy Companies

    Gas:

    Orlen Group (former PGNiG) dominates the gas supply (85% in 2024) and the wholesale gas market (85% of volumes sold in 2024). In 2024, Orlen produced 8.6 bcm (+20%) in Poland. The group imported 13.4 bcm (85% of total imports) and sold 27.6 bcm in 2024.

  • Energy Supply & Demand

    Oil:

    Crude oil production is limited and has declined by 6%/year on average since 2018 to 1.1 Mt in 2024 (around 4% of its needs). In 2024, Poland imported 27.3 Mt of crude oil (+2.7%). Imports from Russia dropped to only 5% of crude oil imports in 2023, after accounting for 43% in 2022, and 63% in 2021.

  • Energy Use and Price by Sector

    Energy Prices in Transport:

    Diesel and gasoline prices are quite similar, and taxes accounted for more than 45% of the prices in 2024. The share of tax in the final fuel price accounted for 30% in 2022, due to the anti-inflation shield, and then went back to 45% in 2023.

  • Issues & Prospects

    Poland is confronted with the challenge of modernising and restructuring of the coal and lignite sector.

    According to the energy policy, "Towards Poland's 2040 Energy Mix", the energy demand is expected to ramp up by 20% to 25% by 2040.

  • Graph 1: Final Intensity to GDP
  • Graph 2: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 3: Total Consumption Market Share by Energy (2024)
  • Graph 4: Installed Electric Capacity by Source
  • Graph 5: Installed Electric Capacity by Source (2024)
  • Graph 6: Gross Power Production by Source & Consumption
  • Graph 7: Power Generation by Source (2024)
  • Graph 8: CO2 Intensity of Electricity Generation
  • Graph 9: Crude Oil Production & Consumption
  • Graph 10: Petroleum Products Production & Consumption
  • Graph 11: Gas Production & Consumption
  • Graph 12: Coal Production & Consumption
  • Graph 13: Emissions of GHG and CO2 from Fuel combustion
  • Graph 14: CO2-Emissions per Capita
  • Graph 15: CO2 Intensity to GDP
  • Graph 16: Final Demand Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 17: Final Consumption by Sector
  • Graph 18: Final Consumption Market Share by Sector (2024)
  • Graph 19: Share of Electricity in Total Final Energy Consumption
  • Graph 20: Final Consumption in Industry by Energy Source
  • Graph 21: Energy Prices in Industry (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 22: Final Consumption in Transport by Energy Source
  • Graph 23: Energy Prices in Transport (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 24: Final Consumption in Residential, Services, Agriculture by Energy Source
  • Graph 25: Energy Prices in Residential (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 26: Upcoming New Capacity by Energy Source
  • Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions.
  • Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
  • Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
  • Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.

The Poland energy market data since 1990 and up to is included in the Excel file accompanying the Poland country report.
It showcases the historical evolution, allowing users to easily work with the data.

Key Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Economic indicators: Annual historical economic indicators, energy security, energy efficiency and CO2 emissions.
  • Supply indicators: Annual historical reserves, capacity, production and external trade (imports(+) exports(-) balance).
  • Demand indicators: Annual historical consumption per capita, consumption trends, total consumption, final consumption (per energy and per sector) and electricity consumption total and per sector.
  • Energy Balance: total and per energy.
  • Poland Energy Prices: In addition to the analysis provided on the report we also provided a data set which includes historical details on the Poland energy prices for the follow items: price of premium gasoline (taxes incl.), price of diesel (taxes incl.), price of electricity in industry (taxes incl.), price of electricity for households (taxes incl.), price of natural gas in industry (taxes incl.), prices of natural gas for households (taxes incl.), spot price of Brent and CO2 emissions (from fuel combustion).

The Poland country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.

Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
  • Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
  • CO2: Total CO2 emissions.
  • Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
  • Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO2 emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.