Indonesia Key Figures
- Population:
- 278 million
- GDP growth rate:
- 5.05 %/year
- Energy independence:
- 100%
Data of the last year available: 2023
- Total consumption/GDP:*
- 66.6 (2005=100)
- CO2 Emissions:
- 2.37 tCO2/capita
- Rate of T&D power losses:
- 9.24%
* at purchasing power parity
View all macro and energy indicators in the Indonesia energy report
Indonesia Energy News
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Indonesia Energy Research
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Indonesia Total Energy Consumption
Total consumption per capita is 1.1 toe, while electricity consumption per capita increased by nearly 4% in 2023, reaching 1.04 MWh.
Total energy consumption increased by 3% in 2023, after a surge in 2022 (+10%). It had declined by around 8% in 2020 and remained stable in 2021, despite an increase of 3.4%/year from 2013 to 2019.
Interactive Chart Indonesia Total Energy Consumption
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View the detailed fondamentals of the market at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Indonesia energy report
Indonesia Crude Oil Production
Oil production has declined by 3%/year since 2010, with an acceleration since 2019 (5%/year), reaching 36.4 Mt in 2023. This decline is due to the depletion of the main fields and the lack of investments.
Indonesia became a net importer of crude oil in 2006. Net oil imports reached 38 Mt in 2023 (44% of which was crude oil and NGL).
Interactive Chart Indonesia Crude Oil Production
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Indonesia Oil Products Consumption
Oil consumption remained stable in 2023, after a 6%/year increase on 2020-2021. It declined by about 12% in 2020.
Transport absorbs 55% of that consumption; the remainder goes mainly to the residential, services, and agriculture sectors (13%), the hydrocarbon sector (13%), and industry (19%).
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2023, %)
Interactive Chart Indonesia Refined Oil Products Production
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Indonesia Natural Gas Consumption
Natural gas consumption has been increasing regularly since 2007 (+2.4%/year), reaching 51 bcm in 2023, with a surge in 2020 (+8.6%).
Industry is the largest consumer of gas (43%), followed by the hydrocarbon sector (oil and gas extraction and LNG plants) with 35% and power generation with 22%.
Graph: NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION (bcm)
Graph: GAS CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2023, %)
Interactive Chart Indonesia Natural Gas Domestic Consumption
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Indonesia Coal Consumption
Consumption of coal and lignite (around 85% lignite) decreased slightly in 2023 to 158 Mt, after a 15% surge in 2022 (+59% vs 2021). It had increased very rapidly over 2013-2019 (+14%/year on average) and remained close to 140 Mt in 2019 and 2021.
The electricity sector accounts for 77% of coal and lignite consumption. The remainder goes to industry.
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2023, %)
Interactive Chart Indonesia Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption
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View the detailed consumption trends at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Indonesia energy report
Indonesia Power Consumption
Electricity consumption has increased very rapidly apart from 2020 (by about 4%/year over 2013-2023), reaching 289 TWh in 2023.
Households account for 42% of the consumption. The share of services has been increasing regularly since 2017 (+4 pp), reaching nearly 27% in 2023. Industry covered 31% of electricity consumption in 2023.
Almost all households are electrified (99.8% in 2023, up from 84% in 2014), in line with the 100% goal initially set for 2020 and shifted to 2022.
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)
Indonesia Renewable in % Electricity Production
EBTKE, the Directorate General (DG) for New Energy, Renewable and Energy Conservation, focuses on renewables in power generation, whereas the DG of Electricity sets the FiT and the ceiling price for power from renewable sources.
Interactive Chart Indonesia Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)
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Learn more about renewables in the Mini grid Africa & Asia markets for village electrification
Indonesia CO2 Fuel Combustion/CO2 Emissions
In its new updated NDC (2022), Indonesia slightly increased the country's unconditional emission reduction target from 29% in 2030 to 31.89% compared to the BAU scenario. Conditional emission reduction targets were raised from 41% to 43.2%, conditioned upon the attainment of global agreements such as bilateral co-operations, technology development and transfer, financial help, etc.