Indonesia Key Figures
- Population:
- 276 million
- GDP growth rate:
- 3.69 %/year
- Energy independence:
- 100%
Data of the last year available: 2021
- Total consumption/GDP:*
- 61.4 (2005=100)
- CO2 Emissions:
- 2.05 tCO2/capita
- Rate of T&D power losses:
- 8.53%
* at purchasing power parity
View all macro and energy indicators in the Indonesia energy report
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Indonesia Related Research
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Total Energy Consumption
Total consumption per capita is 0.8 toe, while electricity consumption per capita is 1.054 MWh (2021).
Total energy consumption increased by 3.4%/year from 2013 to 2019 and declined by around 5% in 2020. Consumption increased by around 3% in 2021 but was still below 2019 levels.
Interactive Chart Indonesia Total Energy Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
View the detailed fondamentals of the market at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Indonesia energy report
Crude Oil Production
Oil production declined by 20% between 2016 and 2021 to 33 Mt, and reached an estimated 35 Mt in 2022. It had decreased by 44% between 2000 and 2015 from a peak of 70 Mt and rebounded by 5% in 2016. This decline is due to the depletion of the main fields and the lack of investments.
Indonesia became a net importer of crude oil in 2006. Net oil imports reached 38 Mt in 2021 (of which 7 Mt for crude oil).
Interactive Chart Indonesia Crude Oil Production
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Oil Products Consumption
After peaking in 2018 at 80 Mt, oil consumption declined sharply in 2019 and 2020 and returned to 2015-2017 levels in 2021, with 74 Mt (+10%).
Transport absorbs 57% of that consumption; the remainder goes mainly to the residential, services, and agriculture sector (14%), industry (9%), and the hydrocarbon sector (9%).
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2021, %)
Interactive Chart Indonesia Refined Oil Products Production
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on refineries, you can request a sample of our Asia Refineries Dataset
Natural Gas Consumption
In 2021, natural gas consumption (39 bcm) did not recover from its 13% decline in 2020 (-13%), after a rapid increase in 2018 and 2019 (+12% and 7%, respectively). It remained relatively stable over 2010-2016.
Industry is the largest consumer of gas (48%), followed by power generation with 34% and the hydrocarbon sector (oil and gas extraction and LNG plants) with 18%.
Graph: NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION (bcm)
Interactive Chart Indonesia Natural Gas Domestic Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on the LNG trade, you can request a sample of our Asia LNG Trade Dataset
Coal Consumption
Consumption of coal and lignite (around 85% lignite) increased very rapidly over 2013-2019 (+14%/year on average) and remained at 137 Mt in 2021 after a 6% drop in 2020.
The electricity sector accounts for 80% of coal and lignite consumption and the remainder goes to industry.
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2021, %)
Interactive Chart Indonesia Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
View the detailed consumption trends at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Indonesia energy report
Power Consumption
Electricity consumption has increased very rapidly apart from 2020 (by around 6%/year over 2010-2019 and 5% in 2021), reaching 291 TWh in 2021.
Households account for 42% of the consumption, industry for 36%, and services for 22% (2021).
Almost all households are electrified (99.5% in 2021, up from 28% in 1990 and 86% in 2000). The 100% goal, initially set for 2020, was shifted to 2022.
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)
Renewable in % Electricity Production
EBTKE, the Directorate General (DG) for New Energy, Renewable and Energy Conservation, focuses on renewables in power generation, whereas the DG of Electricity sets the FiT and the ceiling price for power from renewable sources.
The national energy policy revision (Regulation No. 79/2014) set a target of 23% of renewables in the total primary energy supply in 2025 (excluding traditional biomass). The RUKN 2019-38 set a target of 23% of total power capacity from renewables in 2025 (about 41 GW) and at least 28% in 2038, with a minimum of 31% by 2050 (19% reached in 2021).
Interactive Chart Indonesia Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Learn more about renewables in the Mini grid Africa & Asia markets for village electrification
CO2 Fuel Combustion/CO2 Emissions
In its new updated NDC (September 2022), Indonesia increased the country's unconditional emission reduction target from 29% in 2030 to 31.89% compared to the BAU scenario. Similarly, conditional emission reduction targets were raised from 41% to 43.2%, conditioned upon the attainment of global agreements such as bilateral co-operations, technology development and transfer, financial help, etc.