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Indonesia energy report

Indonesia energy report
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Format
4 files (PDF report, 3 Excel files)
Pages
76 (Report only)
Delivery
Immediate by e-mail
Table of Contents
  • GENERAL OVERVIEW
  • ENERGY AND CLIMATE POLICY FRAMEWORK
  • ENERGY COMPANIES
  • ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND
  • ENERGY USE AND PRICE BY SECTOR
  • ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
  • STATISTICS
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • GLOSSARY

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Overview

Indonesia has revised its energy and climate strategy, delaying its renewable energy target to 2030 while accelerating the coal phase-out to 2040. Key policies include expanding domestic energy production, reducing subsidies, and promoting biofuels, geothermal, and solar power under a structured regulatory framework.

Get more details on the table of contents and data files, as well as the list of graphs and tables by browsing the tabs below.

Highlights

  • The country postponed its target for a 23% share of renewables in the energy mix from 2025 to 2030.The Government announced plans to advance the phase-out of coal-fired power generation from 2056 to 2040.
  • PT PLN represents 48% of the electricity supply (2024). IOCs provide most of the oil and gas production. The coal sector is fragmented with mostly private players.
  • Coal dominates the power mix (68% in 2024) with a fast-growing market share (+ 27 pp since 2010). Gas exports have decreased by 60% since 2010.
  • Several measures have been taken to decrease the burden of energy price subsidies on the economy. Electricity subsidies were raised again between 2022 and 2023 in a context of soaring oil and gas prices, before decreasing in 2024.
  • Final energy consumption is increasing rapidly since 2021 (8%/year).
  • According to the National Energy Outlook, energy demand is expected to increase by 5% per year by 2050.
  • Indonesia received over US$20bn to shut its coal fired plants.
1st
coal exporter
~3%
annual increase in power consumption since 2017
23%
share of renewables in energy mix in 2030

  • Energy & Climate Policy Framework

    ESDM, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (or MEMR) is in charge of developing national resources and regulating state monopolies.

  • Energy Companies

    Electricity:

    PT PLN is the main actor in power generation with a capacity of 47 GW. It represented 49% of the total capacity in 2024 and is dominated by gas (50%), followed by coal (40%), hydro (6%), oil (3%) and other renewables (1%). PT PLN production increased by 2.8% to 184 TWh in 2024 (48% of the total).

  • Energy Supply & Demand

    Resources:

    The country's proven gas reserves are 921 bcm (2024). They have increased by 19 bcm in 2023 and stayed at the same level in 2024, after a regular decrease of 10%/year since 2019. Proven oil reserves, more stable, are estimated at 328 Mt and has not changed in 2024 either, after a 19 Mt increase in 2023.

  • Energy Use and Price by Sector

    Energy Prices in Industry:

    Electricity subsidies for industries surged in 2018, from US$0.9bn to US$7.6bn. From 2018 to 2022, they have remained stable at around US$16bn, increasing slightly to US$17.1bn in 2023, before decreasing to US$9.6bn in 2024.

    In 2024, electricity prices in industry decreased by 5.3% to 6.7 USDc/kWh.

    Graph: Energy Prices in Industry (Taxes Included)

  • Issues & Prospects

    The KEN, through the National Energy Council projects the following energy mix in the BAU scenario: renewables 21% in 2025 and 29% in 2050, oil 21% and 16%, gas 24% and 23%, coal 34% and 32%. The final energy consumption would reach 549 Mtoe in 2050.

  • Graph 1: Final intensity to GDP
  • Graph 2: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 3: Total Consumption Market Share by Energy (2024)
  • Graph 4: Installed Electric Capacity by Source
  • Graph 5: Installed Electric Capacity by Source (2024)
  • Graph 6: Gross Power Production by Source & Consumption
  • Graph 7: Power Generation by Source (2024)
  • Graph 8: CO2 Intensity of Electricity Generation
  • Graph 9: Petroleum Products Production & Consumption
  • Graph 10: Gas Production & Consumption
  • Graph 11: Coal Production & Consumption
  • Graph 12: GHG Emissions and CO2-energy Emissions
  • Graph 13: CO2-Emissions per Capita
  • Graph 14: CO2 Intensity to GDP
  • Graph 15: Final Demand Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 16: Final Consumption by Sector
  • Graph 17: Final Consumption Market Share by Sector (2024)
  • Graph 18: Share of Electricity in Total Final Energy Consumption
  • Graph 19: Final Consumption in Industry by Energy Source
  • Graph 20: Energy Prices in Industry (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 21: Final Consumption in Transport by Energy Source
  • Graph 22: Energy Prices in Transport (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 23: Final Consumption in Residential, Services, Agriculture by Energy Source
  • Graph 24: Energy Prices in Residential (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 25: Upcoming New Capacity by Energy Source
  • Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions.
  • Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
  • Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
  • Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.

The Indonesia energy market data since 1990 and up to is included in the Excel file accompanying the Indonesia country report.
It showcases the historical evolution, allowing users to easily work with the data.

Key Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Economic indicators: Annual historical economic indicators, energy security, energy efficiency and CO2 emissions.
  • Supply indicators: Annual historical reserves, capacity, production and external trade (imports(+) exports(-) balance).
  • Demand indicators: Annual historical consumption per capita, consumption trends, total consumption, final consumption (per energy and per sector) and electricity consumption total and per sector.
  • Energy Balance: total and per energy.
  • Indonesia Energy Prices: In addition to the analysis provided on the report we also provided a data set which includes historical details on the Indonesia energy prices for the follow items: price of premium gasoline (taxes incl.), price of diesel (taxes incl.), price of electricity in industry (taxes incl.), price of electricity for households (taxes incl.), price of natural gas in industry (taxes incl.), prices of natural gas for households (taxes incl.), spot price of Brent and CO2 emissions (from fuel combustion).

The Indonesia country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.

Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
  • Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
  • CO2: Total CO2 emissions.
  • Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
  • Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO2 emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.