Croatia Energy Information

Croatia Energy Research

- Croatia's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: Croatia aims for 42.5% renewables by 2030, with HERA and HROTE overseeing energy policy and market operations. The country targets a 62% GHG reduction in ETS sectors and 16.7% in non-ETS sectors by 2030, with a coal phase-out by 2033. Recent reforms include a EUR 1.68bn Social Climate Plan and a shift to net billing for prosumers.

- Croatia's Energy Companies: HEP dominates Croatia's electricity market, with 70% generation and 90% retail sales. INA leads oil and gas production. The energy sector is highly concentrated, with state-owned entities playing key roles in generation, transmission, and distribution.

- Croatia's Energy Supply & Demand: Croatia's energy supply relies heavily on hydropower, with declining oil and gas production. Total energy consumption grew by 1.5% in 2024, with oil and biomass increasing their share. Renewables accounted for 30% of consumption. The country has limited fossil fuel resources but significant renewable potential. Electricity generation is highly dependent on hydrological conditions, with renewables making up 72.5% of the power mix. Croatia is a net importer of electricity and gas, with a CO₂ intensity 66% lower than the global average.

- Croatia's Energy Use & Price by Sector: Croatia's final energy consumption has risen rapidly since 2022, with industrial electricity prices doubling since 2021. Oil dominates energy use, while gas consumption has declined. Residential and transport sectors are the largest consumers, with electricity's share expected to grow significantly by 2050. Government measures have addressed rising energy prices across sectors.

- Croatia's Issues & Prospects: Croatia plans to expand its Krk LNG terminal capacity and transition gas networks to hydrogen. Energy consumption is projected to remain stable, with electricity capacity growing through wind, solar, and gas projects. Key investments include hydropower, wind, and solar developments, as well as gas and transmission infrastructure upgrades. Green hydrogen initiatives are also underway, supported by cross-border collaborations.

Croatia Total Energy Production & Consumption

Total energy consumption grew by 1.5% in 2024 to 8.8 Mtoe after a 3.2% decrease in 2022 and a 3.9% rebound in 2023. It declined by almost 1%/year on average between 2010 and 2019 and was back to its 2019 level in 2023. Total consumption per capita reached 2.3 toe in 2024, which is 18% below the EU average.

Graph: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source

Source: Croatia energy report

Interactive Chart Croatia Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Croatia Oil Production & Consumption

Crude oil production is low and, after a plateau at around 800 kt between 2016 and 2018, is declining (-5%/year between 2018 and 2023), reaching 602 kt in 2024.

Graph: Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Petroleum Infrastructure

Source: JANAF

Source: Croatia energy report

Interactive Chart Croatia Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart Croatia Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Croatia Natural Gas Production & Consumption

Gas production has been declining since its peak level of 2.9 bcm in 2007, with an acceleration since 2015 (-11%/year), to 691 mcm in 2023. However, it rebounded by 9% to 756 mcm in 2024. In July 2025, INA launched gas production at the Jamarice-183 (JAM-183) well, located within the Jamarice exploitation field near Novska.

Source: Croatia energy report

Interactive Chart Croatia Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Croatia Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

All the coal is imported (0.3 Mt in 2024, half its 2023 level and 73% below its 2010 level) as Croatia stopped producing coal in 1997. Coal consumption halved from 2010 to 2018, averaging 0.6-0.7 Mt until 2023 (depending on hydropower availability) and even fell by 1/3 in 2024 to 0.4 Mt. Previously, coal consumption more than tripled between 1999 and 2004 following the commissioning of the 210 MW Plomin-2 power plant and remained broadly stable at around 1.1 Mt/year until 2016; it fell by 40% in 2017 after a fire at Plomin-1, where operations have been suspended.

Source: Croatia energy report

Interactive Chart Croatia Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Croatia Renewable in % Electricity Production

The final updated NECP (2025) raised the 2030 target for the share of renewables in the final energy consumption to 42.5%, including 76.7% for electricity, 47.1% for heating and cooling, and 24.6% in transport. It should reach 53-65% in 2050 (Energy Development Strategy, 2020). In 2024, renewables covered 27% of final energy consumption, including 58% for electricity, 35% for heating and cooling and 0.9% in transport. The 2020 target of the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP, 2013) for a share of 20% of renewables was largely exceeded (by 11 points).

Source: Croatia energy report

Interactive Chart Croatia Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Croatia GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

In its final updated NECP, Croatia aims to cut its GHG emissions by 62% in 2030 (compared with 2005 level) in ETS sectors and by 16.7% in non-ETS sectors (up from 43% and 7%, respectively, in the initial NECP). For the LULUCF sector, it targets a net removal of 5.5 MtCO2eq in 2030 (compared to 2005).

Croatia's Strategy for Low Emissions Development by 2030 with an outlook by 2050 aims to cut GHG emissions by 64-74% in 2050 compared to 1990. A strategy for achieving larger emission reductions by 2030 and reaching carbon neutrality in the energy sector by 2050 was confirmed in 2021.

Source: Croatia energy report

Interactive Chart Croatia CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data