Croatia energy report

• Croatia is reviewing its legislation to comply with EU requirements, in particular for the gas market and energy efficiency.
• The state-owned company HEP dominates the electricity market (around 80% of generation and 90% of retail sales).
• INA is the sole oil and gas producer in Croatia.
• The power mix is highly dependent on hydropower.
• Oil production is marginal and gas production is decreasing rapidly.
• Oil prices are close to the EU average.
• Residential electricity and gas prices are around 40% lower than the EU average.
• Energy consumption has been stable since 2017.
• Renewables cover 25% of the energy consumption.
• HEP has started to modernise its power generation fleet with up-to-date technologies.

• Institutions & Energy Policy

  The Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development oversees the energy, environment, and climate change policy. It replaced the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Energy in July 2020.

  The Energy Regulation Agency (HERA), created in 2004, regulates the energy sector and controls all prices, except for feed-in tariffs, biofuels and CHP (consulting role).

• Energy Companies

  Electricity:

  In 2013, HEP (100% State owned) was split into five entities dealing with electricity generation, transmission, distribution, supply and trade. The Government is considering selling more than 25% of HEP.

• Energy Supply

  Oil:

  Crude oil production is low and stable at 0.8 Mt since 2016; according to preliminary statistics, it declined by 11% in 2020. Crude oil imports fell by 11%/year between 2009 (4.1 Mt) and 2014 (2.4 Mt) due to the low utilisation rate of the refineries, but recovered between 2014 and 2018 (+9%/year to 3.3 Mt in 2018).

• Energy Prices

  Gas:

  Industrial gas prices fell between 2013 and 2017 (-14%/year), subsequently growing by 10%/year until 2019 and then dropping by 6.7% in 2020. Residential prices, which remained stable until 2015, fell by 12%/year until 2017, recovered until 2019 (+3.8%/year), and then stabilised in 2020.

• Energy Consumption

  Energy consumption per capita is 2.2 toe, with electricity accounting for nearly 4 100 kWh (2019). These figures are 30% and 27% below the EU averages, respectively.

  Graph: CONSUMPTION TRENDS BY ENERGY SOURCE (Mtoe)

  

• Issues & Prospects

  According to its NECP (National Energy and Climate Plan), primary energy consumption and final energy consumption should decrease by 0.5%/year between 2019 and 2030 to 344 PJ (8.2 Mtoe) and 287 PJ (6.85 Mtoe), respectively.

• GENERAL OVERVIEW
• INSTITUTIONS AND ENERGY POLICY
• ENERGY COMPANIES
• ENERGY SUPPLY
• ENERGY PRICES
• ENERGY CONSUMPTION
• ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
• DATA TABLES
• ABBREVIATIONS
• GLOSSARY

Download the Table of Contents

Below is a list of the Croatia energy market report graphs:

• GRAPH 1: CO₂-energy emissions (MtCO₂)
• GRAPH 2: Installed electric capacity by source (2019, %)
• GRAPH 3: Gross power production by source (TWh)
• GRAPH 4: Power generation by source (2019, %)
• GRAPH 5: Gasoline & diesel prices (€/l)
• GRAPH 6: Electricity prices for industry and households (€c/kWh)
• GRAPH 7: Gas prices for industry and households (€c/kWh GCV)
• GRAPH 8: Consumption trends by energy source (Mtoe)
• GRAPH 9: Total consumption market share by energy (2019, %)
• GRAPH 10: Final consumption market share by sector (2019, %)
• GRAPH 11: Oil consumption (Mt)
• GRAPH 12: Oil consumption breakdown by sector (2019, %)
• GRAPH 13: Electricity consumption (TWh)
• GRAPH 14: Electricity consumption breakdown by sector (2019, %)
• GRAPH 15: Natural gas consumption (bcm)
• GRAPH 16: Gas consumption breakdown by sector (2019, %)
• GRAPH 17: Coal consumption (Mt)
• GRAPH 18: Coal consumption breakdown by sector (2019, %)

In the Croatia energy market report you will find the following tables:

• Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO₂ emissions.
• Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
• Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
• Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.
• Infrastructure Projects: Covers power plant projects by energy, technology, status and operator, gas plant projects by status and operator and LNG contracts.

The Croatia country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.

Data included in the excelsheet:

• Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
• Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
• CO₂: Total CO₂ emissions.
• Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
• Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO₂ emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.