Bosnia And Herzegovina Energy Information

Bosnia And Herzegovina Energy Research

- Bosnia-Herzegovina's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: Bosnia and Herzegovina's fragmented administrative structure and lack of political will hinder national energy policy implementation. Despite EU commitments, progress on transposing energy laws remains slow, with the country lagging in adopting the EU’s third energy package. Recent efforts include draft energy and climate plans, regulatory updates, and renewable energy targets, but challenges persist in achieving energy efficiency and emissions reduction goals.

- Bosnia-Herzegovina's Energy Companies: Bosnia's power sector comprises three state-owned monopolies with regional dominance, delayed unbundling, and limited competition. Oil exploration is active, while gas and coal sectors are state-controlled with notable inefficiencies.

- Bosnia-Herzegovina's Energy Supply & Demand: Bosnia and Herzegovina relies heavily on lignite (60-70% of power mix) and hydro for energy, with declining consumption since 2018. It exports electricity, primarily to Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia. Energy intensity remains high, and emissions have decreased since 2018.

- Bosnia-Herzegovina's Energy Use & Price by Sector: Energy demand in Bosnia and Herzegovina has shifted, with households and services now the largest consumers, while industry and transport have declined. Electricity and oil products have decreased, with biomass rising significantly. Energy prices for households remain regulated and lower than EU averages, while industrial prices are deregulated but still below EU levels.

- Bosnia-Herzegovina's Issues & Prospects: Bosnia and Herzegovina plans to expand electricity and gas interconnections with neighbours, with significant renewable energy projects and transmission upgrades underway. Electricity demand is projected to grow modestly, while coal plants face closures. Key solar and wind projects are in development, alongside hydropower and gas pipeline initiatives. Transmission capacity is set to increase, enhancing regional energy integration.

Bosnia And Herzegovina Total Energy Production & Consumption

The country's total consumption has been declining since 2018 (-2%/year), reaching 6.6 Mtoe in 2024 (-4.8% in 2024 alone, third decrease in a row). It had surged very rapidly between 1995 and 2018 (+7%/year), despite a sharp drop in 2012-2013 (-5%/year). The country's overall consumption per capita is 2.1 toe (19% below the EU average in 2024). The energy intensity is twice as high as the EU average (at purchasing power parity) and declining at a slower pace (-1.5%/year over 2010-2024 compared to -2.9%/year in the EU).

Graph: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source

Source: Bosnia and Herzegovina energy report

Interactive Chart Bosnia And Herzegovina Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Bosnia And Herzegovina Oil Production & Consumption

The 4.2 Mt/year Bosanski Brod refinery (Republic of Srpska) has been idle since an emergency shutdown in 2018, and production has not restarted yet. Oil product imports have increased by 44% since 2018 to 1.6 Mt on average (1.6 Mt in 2024).

Oil product consumption tripled between 1995 and 2011 (1.7 Mt) and has averaged 1.6 Mt since 2016.

Graph: Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Graph: Petroleum Products Production & Consumption

Source: Bosnia and Herzegovina energy report

Interactive Chart Bosnia And Herzegovina Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart Bosnia And Herzegovina Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Bosnia And Herzegovina Natural Gas Production & Consumption

All the gas is imported by BH Gas from Russia through Hungary and Serbia. Gas imports have been averaging 250 mcm/year since 2000. Gas imports dipped by 10% to 223 mcm in 2023 and remained stable in 2024.

Source: Bosnia and Herzegovina energy report

Interactive Chart Bosnia And Herzegovina Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Bosnia And Herzegovina Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Lignite production tends to follow the power sector demand. It nearly doubled between 2000 and 2018 (+3.8%/year) to 14.5 Mt, before declining by 2.5%/year until 2024 to 12.5 Mt. Production covers domestic consumption. Coal imports surged from less than 0.6 Mt in 2005 to 1.7 Mt in 2019 but have been declining since then (1 Mt in 2024).

After a ninefold increase between 1995 and 2018 (up to 15 Mt), coal and lignite consumption has been declining (-4.9%/year since 2020, including -5.9% in 2024 to 12 Mt).

Graph: Coal Production & Consumption

Source: Bosnia and Herzegovina energy report

Interactive Chart Bosnia And Herzegovina Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Bosnia And Herzegovina Renewable in % Electricity Production

Under its draft NECP (2023), Bosnia and Herzegovina aims to reach a share of 43.6% of renewables in final energy consumption by 2030 (up from 40% in 2023), including 70% for electricity, 61% for heating and cooling, and 8.4% for transport (52%, 60%, and 0.3%, respectively, in 2023). The 2020 target of the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP, 2016) of 40% of renewables in final energy consumption was reached.

Source: Bosnia and Herzegovina energy report

Interactive Chart Bosnia And Herzegovina Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Bosnia And Herzegovina GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

Under its draft NECP (2023), Bosnia and Herzegovina aims to cut its GHG emissions (including carbon sinks) by over 41% from the 1990 level to 15.65 MtCO2 in 2030; this draft target is not included in national legislation so far. In the long term, net emissions could be cut to 6.7 MtCO2 in 2040 and reach 0 in 2050 but the long-term strategy submitted to the UNFCCC only sets a reduction target of 80% by 2050 compared to 1990. It also plans to introduce the EU ETS model in the country by 2026 to avoid paying the EU's CBAM tax.

Source: Bosnia and Herzegovina energy report

Interactive Chart Bosnia And Herzegovina CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data