Kazakhstan aims to increase oil output by 21% by 2030 (to 104 Mt from 86 Mt in 2021). In 2021 oil exports reached 67.6 Mt and gas exports 7.7 bcm (with production of marketable gas reaching 29 bcm).
Oil production decreased 5% in 2020 (87.1 Mt) due to the COVID-19 crisis, after a 5.1%/year rise between 2016 and 2019 (92 Mt). Kazakhstan is the second largest oil producer of the CIS after Russia despite this it has long imported oil products from Russia due to the lack of refining capacity. The country has a total refining capacity of 370 kb/d, spread over three refineries: Atyrau (110 kb/d), Pavlodar (140 kb/d), and Shymkent (120 kb/d).
Kazakhstan has abundant energy reserves. They amount to about 4.1 Gt for oil, around 1,800 bcm for gas and 25.6 Gt for coal (9th largest coal reserves in the world, end of 2019). About 70% of the Kazakhstani oil potential is located in the west of the country, particularly in the Caspian Sea (Kashagan).