In an attempt to curb air pollution in urban areas, India is considering introducing fuel standards at federal level: the Indian equivalent of the Euro IV standard (BS IV, maximum sulphur content of 50 parts par million, or "ppm") would be applied from April 2017, followed by BS V (equivalent of Euro V, maximum sulphur content of 10 ppm) standards in April 2020. The deployment of BS-V fuels would be carried out in phases, starting in northern India in early 2019. Less than forty cities currently use BS IV fuels, while the rest of the country still uses BS III fuels (maximum sulphur content of 350 ppm for diesel and 150 ppm for gasoline).
The introduction of these fuel standards would require an investment of Rs 800bn (US$13.4bn) to upgrade refineries; this amount does not take into accounts investments by Reliance Industries, which owns the largest refining complex in India. The US$13.4bn investment should enable the production of Euro-V fuels from December 2019.
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