India's coal-fired power generation capacity expanded by 4 GW in 2024, according to the country's Central Electricity Authority, an amount similar to the coal-fired capacity added in 2023.
By 2032, India aims to add up to 90 GW of new coal-based capacity, although current installation rates fall short of this target. The country currently operates about 265 GW of coal-fired generation capacity and relies on coal for over 70% of its electricity needs, making it the second-largest coal consumer globally after China.
On 27 December 2024, Indian officials mandated full capacity operation for power plants using imported coal until February, extending an emergency clause first introduced in summer. This measure affected plants with a combined capacity of around 16 GW, predominantly operated by Vedanta, Tata Power, and Adani Power.
The country’s electricity capacity amounts to 500 GW (end of 2023), with the following capacity mix: coal 53%, solar 15%, hydro 10%, wind 9%, gas 6%, oil 3%, biomass 2%, and nuclear 2%.
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