Turkey Energy Information

Total Energy Consumption

Total consumption per capita is around 1.7 toe (2020) (of which 3 080 kWh from electricity) compared to about 3.1 toe for the EU.

Interactive Chart Turkey Total Energy Consumption

Crude Oil Production

Turkey covers only 9% of its total oil needs with a production of 4.0 Mt of crude oil (2020).

The total refining capacity of 0.8 mb/d is distributed over 6 refineries, including 2 large ones belonging to Tupras: Aliaga in Izmir and Izmit (0.22 mb/d each). The STAR refinery (0.2 mb/d) was completed in 2018 by Socar.

In 2020, net crude and oil product imports reached 40 Mt, around 4 Mt lower than the 2016-2019 average. The share of crude in that amount has surged to about 70% since 2019, from 50% in 2018, due to the STAR refinery starting operations.

Interactive Chart Turkey Crude Oil Production

Oil Products Consumption

Oil consumption has been decreasing slightly over the last three years (40 Mt in 2020), following a period of rapid growth between 2010 and 2017 (4.5%/year), driven by the transport sector.

Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)

The transport sector's share of oil consumption increased from 47% in 2010 to around 61% in 2020; industry, including non-energy uses, consumes about 26% of the total, while buildings (residential and services) consume 10%.

Interactive Chart Turkey Refined Oil Products Production

Natural Gas Consumption

Gas consumption partly rebounded to 48 bcm in 2020 driven by the power sector, and following a substantial drop over 2018-2019 (-17%) as a result of successive gas price hikes during the period and a lower need for power generation.

Between 2000 and 2014, gas consumption grew very rapidly (9%/year) and then started to decrease in 2015 and 2016, driven by the power sector.

Interactive Chart Turkey Natural Gas Domestic Consumption

Coal Consumption

Coal and lignite consumption dropped by 13% in 2020 to 109 Mt due to decreased demand from power plants. This contrasts substantially with the previous trend of coal and lignite consumption rising by 8%/year over 2015-2019.

Of the total demand, 76% is used to produce electricity, 16% is consumed by industry, and the remainder is consumed by buildings.

Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)

Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2020, %)

Interactive Chart Turkey Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption

Power Consumption

Electricity consumption is stable since 2018 at 259 TWh (2020), following a period of very rapid growth over 2010-2018 (over 5%/year).

Buildings absorb the highest share with 51% (of which, services 29% and residential 22%), followed by industry with 44%.

Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)

Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2020, %)

Renewable in % Electricity Production

The General Directorate of Renewable Energy of the MENR is in charge of implementing policy on renewables.

Turkey aims to produce 50% of its electricity from renewables by 2023 (42% in 2020). The initial target of 30% set in the Electricity Market and Security of Supply Strategy was raised to 50% in 2018 as it was already surpassed in 2017 with 32%.

Interactive Chart Turkey Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

CO₂ Fuel Combustion/CO₂ Emissions

Turkey has not yet submitted its NDC. Its INDC (2015) set the objective of reducing GHG emissions by 21% in 2030 compared with a BAU scenario. This objective corresponds to a 116% increase from 2012 levels.

CO₂ emissions from energy combustion dropped significantly in 2020 to 354 MtCO₂ (-5%), driven by a lower coal and lignite consumption. This is the third consecutive year of decreases since the 2017 peak of 387 MtCO₂. The emissions almost tripled between 1990 and 2017, driven by the strong economic growth.

Graph: CO₂-ENERGY EMISSIONS (MtCO₂)