Turkey Energy Information

Total Energy Consumption

Total consumption per capita is around 1.7 toe (2020) (of which 3 090 kWh from electricity) compared to about 3.1 toe for the EU.

Interactive Chart Turkey Total Energy Consumption

Crude Oil Production

Turkey covers only 11% of its total oil needs with a production of 4.0 Mt of crude oil (2020).

The total refining capacity of 0.8 mb/d is distributed over 6 refineries, including 2 large ones belonging to Tupras: Izmir and Izmit (0.2 mb/d each). The STAR refinery (0.2 mb/d) was completed in 2018 by Socar.

In 2020, net crude and oil product imports reached 40 Mt, around 4 Mt lower than the 2016-2019 average. The share of crude in that amount has surged to about 70% since 2019, from 50% in 2018, due to the STAR refinery starting operations.

Interactive Chart Turkey Crude Oil Production

Oil Products Consumption

Oil consumption has stabilized over the last three years (42 Mt in 2020), following a period of rapid growth between 2010 and 2017 (4.5%/year), driven by the transport sector.

Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)

The transport sector's share of oil consumption increased from 47% in 2010 to around 60% in 2020; industry, including non-energy uses, consumes about 26% of the total, while buildings (residential and services) consume 10%.

Interactive Chart Turkey Refined Oil Products Production

Natural Gas Consumption

Gas consumption partly rebounded to 48 bcm in 2020 driven by the power sector and following a substantial drop over 2018 and 2019 (-16%) as a result of successive gas price hikes during the period, combined with a lower need for power generation.

Between 2000 and 2014, gas consumption grew very rapidly (9%/year) and then started to decrease in 2015 and 2016, driven by the power sector.

Interactive Chart Turkey Natural Gas Domestic Consumption

Coal Consumption

Coal and lignite consumption dropped by 9% in 2020 to 113 Mt due to decreased demand from power plants. This contrasts substantially with the previous trend of coal and lignite consumption rising by 8%/year over 2015-2019.

Of the total demand, 76% is used to produce electricity, 15% is consumed by industry, and the remainder is consumed by buildings.

Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)

Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2020, %)

Interactive Chart Turkey Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption

Power Consumption

Electricity consumption has been increasing slowly since 2018 and reached 263 TWh in 2020, following a period of very rapid growth over 2010-2018 (over 5%/year).

Buildings absorb the highest share with 49% (of which, services 26% and residential 23%), followed by industry with 44%.

Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)

Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2020, %)

Renewable in % Electricity Production

The General Directorate of Renewable Energy of MENR is in charge of implementing policy on renewables.

Turkey aims to produce 50% of its electricity from renewables by 2023 (42% in 2020). The initial target of 30% set in the Electricity Market and Security of Supply Strategy was raised to 50% in 2018 as it was already surpassed in 2017 with 32%.

Interactive Chart Turkey Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

CO₂ Fuel Combustion/CO₂ Emissions

In its first NDC, submitted in October 2021, Turkey pledges to cut its GHG emissions in 2030 by 21% below a BAU scenario. The BAU scenario leads to GHG emissions of 1 175 MtCO₂eq by 2030 (173% more than in 2012, reference year). The 21% cut would limit GHG emissions to 929 MtCO₂eq, which would still be more than twice the 2012 level.

CO₂ emissions from energy combustion stabilized in 2020 to 379 MtCO₂. They peaked at 387 MtCO₂ in 2017 and have decreased slightly since then. The emissions almost tripled between 1990 and 2017, driven by the strong economic growth.