Sweden Energy Information

Sweden Energy Research

- Sweden's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: Sweden targets net-zero emissions by 2045 and a fossil-free power mix by 2040. It maintains high CO₂ taxes, promotes renewables, and supports nuclear expansion and uranium mining resumption.

- Sweden's Energy Companies: Sweden's energy market is state-dominated, with Vattenfall leading power generation. Transmission, distribution, and oil sectors involve key state, municipal, and private operators.

- Sweden's Energy Supply & Demand: In 2025, carbon-free sources accounted for 93% of Sweden's power mix and 86% of capacity. Sweden is a net electricity exporter, importing all its oil and gas, with low per-capita emissions.

- Sweden's Energy Use & Price by Sector: Sweden's per capita energy consumption exceeds the EU average. While industrial and household electricity prices remain notably low, gas prices are significantly above EU levels. Biomass and electricity dominate sector demands.

- Sweden's Issues & Prospects: Sweden is expanding its energy system to meet rising electricity demand by 2050, driven by major investments in wind, nuclear, hydropower, solar, transmission, and green hydrogen projects.

Sweden Total Energy Production & Consumption

Total energy consumption decreased by 2.5% in 2025, reaching around 44 Mtoe. On average, it decreased by 1.8%/year over 2019-2025. Between 2000 and 2024, it oscillated between 44 Mtoe and 52 Mtoe, following economic fluctuations.

Consumption per capita stood at 4.1 toe in 2025 and is 1.5 times higher than the EU average.

Electricity represented 43% of total energy consumption in 2025 (+1 pp since 2010). The share of biomass increased from 22% in 2010 to 28% in 2025. The share of oil stood at 23% in 2025 and has been in decline since 2010 (-4 pp).

Source: Sweden energy report

Interactive Chart Sweden Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Sweden Oil Production & Consumption

Sweden does not produce crude oil. In 2025, Sweden imported around 17 Mt of crude oil. Crude oil consumption decreased by 16% in 2025 to 18 Mt. Over 2010-2024, it fluctuated around 20 Mt.

Graph: Crude Oil Production & Consumption

The country has a refining capacity of 469 kb/d distributed over five refineries and is a net exporter of refined products (around 4 Mt in 2025).

Source: Sweden energy report

Interactive Chart Sweden Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart Sweden Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Sweden Natural Gas Production & Consumption

Sweden does not produce natural gas; gas is imported by pipe from Denmark, from the Tyra Field in the North Sea, and as LNG. Gas imports fluctuated around 1 bcm between 2012 and 2019 and decreased by 50% between 2020 and 2022. Imports increased by 9%/year on average over 2022-2024 before declining by 9% in 2025 to reach 0.9 bcm. Most of the gas consumed is imported by pipe from Denmark (around 85% in 2025, the rest is LNG from Norway).

The 10 bcm/year Baltic Pipe connecting Sweden, Norway, and Denmark started operating in 2022.

Source: Sweden energy report

Interactive Chart Sweden Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Sweden Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Graph: Coal Production & Consumption

Source: Sweden energy report

Interactive Chart Sweden Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Sweden Renewable in % Electricity Production

STEM, the Swedish Energy Agency (Statens Energimyndighet), is in charge of implementing the renewable energy policy and is the accounting authority for certificates and guarantees of origin since 2015.

Source: Sweden energy report

Interactive Chart Sweden Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Sweden GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

In 2017, the government adopted the Climate Policy Framework targeting net zero emissions by 2045 and negative emissions thereafter. This means that gross GHG emissions must be at least 85% lower in 2045 than in 1990. Emissions from domestic transport will be reduced by at least 70% by 2030 compared with 2010. In addition, GHG emissions from sectors outside the EU ETS should be reduced by 63% in 2030 and 75% in 2040 compared with 1990 levels. Carbon capture and storage may also be counted as a measure where there are no reasonable alternatives.

Source: Sweden energy report

Interactive Chart Sweden CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data