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Sweden energy report

Sweden energy report
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Format
4 files (PDF report, 3 Excel files)
Pages
65 (Report only)
Delivery
Immediate by e-mail
Table of Contents
  • GENERAL OVERVIEW
  • ENERGY AND CLIMATE POLICY FRAMEWORK
  • ENERGY COMPANIES
  • ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND
  • ENERGY USE AND PRICE BY SECTOR
  • ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
  • STATISTICS
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • GLOSSARY

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1 490 €

Overview

Sweden pursues an ambitious climate and energy strategy, targeting carbon neutrality by 2045 and a fossil-free power sector by 2040. With the highest CO₂ tax globally, robust renewable deployment, and plans to triple nuclear capacity, the country leads in low-carbon transition while maintaining energy-intensive industries.

Get more details on the table of contents and data files, as well as the list of graphs and tables by browsing the tabs below.

Highlights

  • Sweden targets a "100% fossil-free" power mix in 2040 and carbon neutrality in 2045.
  • In 2023, the government amended the legislation to allow construction of new nuclear reactors.
  • The country has the world's highest CO2 tax (134 €/t).
  • The energy market is dominated by state-owned companies: Vattenfall for power (40% of total production) and Swedegas for natural gas.
  • Carbon-free sources represents 93% of the power mix, while renewables account for 70% (2024).
  • The country exports large volumes of electricity but imports all its oil and gas needs.
  • Final energy consumption per capita is 70% above the EU average.
  • Industrial electricity prices are one of the lowest in the EU (around 110% lower than the EU average in 2024).
  • Around 3 GW of wind projects are under construction and 88 GW are planned.
2040
fossil-free power mix
3 GW
increase in wind capacity since 2022
16%
share of biofuels in road transport consumption (2024)

  • Energy & Climate Policy Framework

    The Ministry of Climate and Enterprise (MCE) is responsible for matters relating to the climate, the environment, and energy, as well as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The Ministry is also working to ensure the transition to a circular economy.

  • Energy Companies

    Oil:

    Preem (100% Corral Petroleum) owns the two largest refineries, Brofjorden-Lysekil (228 kb/d) and Gothenburg (120 kb/d). In June 2025, Preem inaugurated the new facility at its Lysekil refinery that expands its renewables production. Preem became the largest producer of renewable aviation fuel in Northern Europe.

  • Energy Supply & Demand

    Gas:

    Sweden does not produce natural gas; gas is imported by pipe from Denmark, from the Tyra Field in the North Sea, and as LNG. Gas imports fluctuated around 1 bcm between 2012 and 2019 and decreased by 50% between 2020 and 2022; they increased by 13% in 2023 to 0.8 bcm and by 8% in 2024 to 0.9 bcm. Most of the gas is imported by pipe (80% in 2024).

  • Energy Use and Price by Sector

    Energy Prices in Residential:

    In 2024, household electricity prices decreased in 2024 by 3%, after a small increase in 2023. Previously, prices progressed moderately, with an +8%/year increase since 2020.

  • Issues & Prospects

    According to the Swedish Energy Agency's (STEM) long-term energy scenarios 2025, the country's total consumption is expected to stabilize or slightly increase toward 2050. Despite a 70-77% reduction in fossil fuel use, total demand does not decrease as earlier scenarios suggested.

  • Graph 1: Final Intensity to GDP
  • Graph 2: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 3: Total Consumption Market Share by Energy (2023)
  • Graph 4: Installed Electric Capacity by Source
  • Graph 5: Installed Electric Capacity by Source (2023)
  • Graph 6: Gross Power Production by Source & Consumption
  • Graph 7: Power Generation by Source (2023)
  • Graph 8: CO2 Intensity of Electricity Generation
  • Graph 9: Crude Oil Production & Consumption
  • Graph 10: Petroleum Products Production & Consumption
  • Graph 11: Gas Production & Consumption
  • Graph 12: Coal Production & Consumption
  • Graph 13: GHG Emissions and CO2-energy Emissions
  • Graph 14: CO2-Emissions per Capita
  • Graph 15: CO2 Intensity to GDP
  • Graph 16: Final Demand Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 17: Final Consumption by Sector
  • Graph 18: Final Consumption Market Share by Sector (2024)
  • Graph 19: Share of Electricity in Total Final Energy Consumption
  • Graph 20: Final Consumption in Industry by Energy Source
  • Graph 21: Energy Prices in Industry (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 22: Final Consumption in Transport by Energy Source
  • Graph 23: Energy Prices in Transport (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 24: Final Consumption in Residential, Services, Agriculture by Energy Source
  • Graph 25: Energy Prices in Residential (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 26: Upcoming New Capacity by Energy Source
  • Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions.
  • Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
  • Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
  • Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.

The Sweden energy market data since 1990 and up to is included in the Excel file accompanying the Sweden country report.
It showcases the historical evolution, allowing users to easily work with the data.

Key Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Economic indicators: Annual historical economic indicators, energy security, energy efficiency and CO2 emissions.
  • Supply indicators: Annual historical reserves, capacity, production and external trade (imports(+) exports(-) balance).
  • Demand indicators: Annual historical consumption per capita, consumption trends, total consumption, final consumption (per energy and per sector) and electricity consumption total and per sector.
  • Energy Balance: total and per energy.
  • Sweden Energy Prices: In addition to the analysis provided on the report we also provided a data set which includes historical details on the Sweden energy prices for the follow items: price of premium gasoline (taxes incl.), price of diesel (taxes incl.), price of electricity in industry (taxes incl.), price of electricity for households (taxes incl.), price of natural gas in industry (taxes incl.), prices of natural gas for households (taxes incl.), spot price of Brent and CO2 emissions (from fuel combustion).

The Sweden country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.

Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
  • Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
  • CO2: Total CO2 emissions.
  • Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
  • Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO2 emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.