Russia Energy Information

Russia Energy Research

- Russia's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: Russia's energy policy aims to boost renewables, hydrogen exports, and LNG production while maintaining hydrocarbon dominance. The Ministry of Energy oversees policy, with FAS regulating monopolies. Post-Ukraine sanctions, GDP rebounded, and oil/gas revenues fluctuated. Electricity and gas markets remain partially liberalised, with Gazprom dominant. Renewables and nuclear are growing, but energy efficiency targets lag. Russia targets 65-67% of 1990 GHG levels by 2035 and carbon neutrality by 2060.

- Russia's Energy Companies: Russian energy sector dominated by state-backed firms like Gazprom, Rosneft, and Rosenergoatom, controlling over 60% of power capacity and half of gas production. Western firms exited post-Ukraine invasion, with assets placed under state administration. Key players include RusHydro, Inter RAO, and En+. Sanctions and geopolitical shifts have reshaped the industry.

- Russia's Energy Supply & Demand: Russia's energy supply and demand dynamics show gas as the dominant fuel, with significant reserves and production. Despite EU sanctions, exports have rebounded, shifting focus to Asia. Oil and coal sectors face challenges due to sanctions and market shifts, while electricity generation remains stable with a mix of gas, nuclear, and hydro. GHG emissions are below 1990 levels but remain high per capita.

- Russia's Energy Use & Price by Sector: "Final energy consumption rose 2% annually since 2022, with industry leading at 46%. Gas and oil dominate, while electricity remains stable. Prices fluctuated, with state control on gas and electricity." (149 characters)

- Russia's Issues & Prospects: Russia plans to expand its energy capacity, with nuclear and gas leading new projects. By 2035, power production is expected to grow by 1.4% annually to 1,400 TWh, supported by 15 nuclear reactors under construction or development. LNG production is projected to rise by 11% annually to 140 Mt. The country aims to increase renewable energy capacity by over 40% by 2050, with wind and solar reaching 7.5% of total capacity by 2042. Significant investments are planned for modernising thermal power plants and expanding gas infrastructure, including new pipelines and LNG projects. Additionally, Russia is exploring green hydrogen production, targeting 1.4 Mt of exports by 2030.

Russia Total Energy Production & Consumption

Primary energy consumption has increased by 2%/year since 2022, reaching around 840 Mtoe in 2024. This trend was in line with the average growth experienced from 2010 to 2021. Total per capita consumption reached 5.9 toe in 2024.

In 2024, gas represented the largest share of consumption (55%), followed by oil (20%), coal (15%), nuclear (7%), hydro (2%), and biomass (1%). These market shares are relatively stable.

Graph: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source

Source: Russia energy report

Interactive Chart Russia Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Russia Oil Production & Consumption

Crude oil production fell by 2.6% in 2024 to 524 Mt, after a 1.5% decrease in 2023; it increased by 2%/year over 2020-2022. Prior to that, it had increased by 1.3%/year between 2014 and 2019 and dropped by around 8% in 2020. Russia is the world's second largest crude oil producer, after the USA and slightly ahead of Saudi Arabia.

Source: Russia energy report

Interactive Chart Russia Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart Russia Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Russia Natural Gas Production & Consumption

Gas production increased by 7.4% in 2024 to 706 bcm, after dropping by 5.5% in 2023 and by 12% in 2022. In 2021, it had rebounded by almost 10%, after a 6% drop in 2020. It had increased by about 5%/year between 2015 and 2019. Russia is the second largest gas producer in the world behind the USA.

Source: Russia energy report

Interactive Chart Russia Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Russia Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Coal and lignite production increased slightly in 2024 (+1.2%) to 431 Mt, after a 1% decrease in 2023. Production had rebounded by about 10% in 2021 and remained stable in 2022 at 433 Mt. Prior to that, it increased very rapidly, by around 6%/year on average, between 2015 and 2019 and dropped by 9% in 2020. Russia is the world's 6th largest coal producer. Almost 2/3 of the production comes from open mines. The production mainly comes from the Kuznetsk basin (65%).

Source: Russia energy report

Interactive Chart Russia Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Russia Renewable in % Electricity Production

In 2021, the authorities announced plans to award RUB 360bn (US$4.9bn) of state support for renewable projects through 2035, with the aim of adding 12 GW of renewables by 2035 and to increase the share of renewables to 31.5% of the power mix in 2050 (of which 19% from hydropower, and 12.5% from wind and solar). In the new Strategy (2025) there is no quantitative objective.

Source: Russia energy report

Interactive Chart Russia Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Russia GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

In 2025, the Russian government issued a decree requiring the country to reduce GHG emissions to 65-67% of 1990 levels to 2-2.1 GtCO2eq by 2035. In its first NDC (2020), the country set the target to cut GHG emissions to 70% of their 1990 level in 2030 to 2.2 GtCO2eq, taking into account the maximum possible absorptive capacity of forests.

Source: Russia energy report

Interactive Chart Russia CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data