North Macedonia Energy Information

North Macedonia Energy Research

North Macedonia Total Energy Production & Consumption

In 2023, the country's energy consumption per capita was 1.3 toe, half the European average, including 2 800 kWh of electricity (45% below the EU average).

Total energy consumption has been fluctuating around 2.7 Mtoe since 2013. In 2023, it dipped by 0.9%, after two years of recovery (+3.8% in 2021 and +1.5% in 2022).

Source: North Macedonia energy report

Interactive Chart North Macedonia Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

North Macedonia Oil Production & Consumption

Oil supplies are covered by imports. North Macedonia ended crude oil imports in 2013, when the 50 kb/d OKTA refinery was shut down.

Oil product imports have been standing at around 1.3 Mt since 2019. They mostly come from Greece (88% in 2023), Bulgaria (7%), and Albania (3%).

Source: North Macedonia energy report

Interactive Chart North Macedonia Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart North Macedonia Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

North Macedonia Natural Gas Production & Consumption

All the gas is imported. After a 33% fall in 2022 due to surging prices, gas imports rebounded by 27% to 364 mcm in 2023. They had grown by over 9%/year between 2000 and 2021.

Until 2020, all the gas was imported from Russia through the international corridor 8 through Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, and Bulgaria at Zidilovo (capacity of 655 mcm/year). Since 2020, North Macedonia received gas from Bulgaria through the TurkStream gas pipeline from Russia to Turkey and extended to Bulgaria.

The Klecovce­-Negotino domestic gas pipeline was completed in 2016.

Source: North Macedonia energy report

Interactive Chart North Macedonia Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

North Macedonia Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

After a 23% rise in 2022 - when surging gas prices raised lignite demand from the power sector by 36% - lignite production fell again in 2023 by 21% to 4 Mt. Overall, it has been declining by 5.8%/year since 2011.

The lignite is exploited in two types of mines: large surface mines for electricity production (Suvodol and Oslomej), operated by ESM, and a number of small mines used to supply industrial and municipal boilers. Imports are limited but doubled to 1.4 Mt in 2023.

Source: North Macedonia energy report

Interactive Chart North Macedonia Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

North Macedonia Renewable in % Electricity Production

The target set in the 2017 amendment of the National Renewable Action Plan (NREAP) of nearly 24% of renewables in final energy consumption in 2020 was missed by almost 5 points (19.2% in 2020). In 2022, renewables covered 19% of final energy consumption, including 24% for electricity, 37% for heating and cooling, and less than 0.1% for transport.

Source: North Macedonia energy report

Interactive Chart North Macedonia Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

North Macedonia GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

North Macedonia's NECP (2022) retains the GHG emission cut targets set in the 2021 NDC, i.e., reducing GHG emissions by 51% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels (from 12.5 MtCO2eq to 6.1 MtCO2eq), which corresponds to an 82% cut in net GHG emissions (taking into account LULUCF) between 1990 and 2030 (from around 10 MtCO2eq to 2.2 MtCO2eq). Total GHG emissions should be cut by 66% in the energy sector, by 45% in industrial processes and Product Use, 29% in agriculture, 95% in forest and land use, and 21% in the waste sector.

Source: North Macedonia energy report

Interactive Chart North Macedonia CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data