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North Macedonia energy report

North Macedonia energy report
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Format
3 files (PDF report, 2 Excel files)
Pages
55 (Report only)
Delivery
Immediate by e-mail
Table of Contents
  • GENERAL OVERVIEW
  • ENERGY AND CLIMATE POLICY FRAMEWORK
  • ENERGY COMPANIES
  • ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND
  • ENERGY USE AND PRICE BY SECTOR
  • ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
  • STATISTICS
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • GLOSSARY

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Overview

North Macedonia is advancing its energy transition through ambitious renewable targets, aiming for 38% of final consumption by 2030 and a lignite phase-out by 2030. Aligned with EU policies via the Energy Community, it has liberalised markets, strengthened regulations, and launched major infrastructure projects, including gas pipelines and renewable expansions.

Get more details on the table of contents and data files, as well as the list of graphs and tables by browsing the tabs below.

Highlights

  • The NECP targets a share of 38% of renewables in the final consumption in 2030 and 42% in 2040.
  • ESM, a state-owned company, represents nearly 60% of total power production.
  • Most of the oil and gas supply is controlled by private companies.
  • Lignite represents over 40% of the power mix.
  • The country is fully dependent on oil and gas imports.
  • Oil product covers nearly 60% of final energy consumption, as transport is the largest energy-consuming sector.
  • Energy prices follow international prices, even if policy measures have limited the rise in residential electricity prices.
  • The country is developing several power and gas interconnection projects.
  • Many solar projects have been announced.
3rd
lowest energy consumption per capita in Europe (2023)
42%
of renewables in final consumption in 2030
8.7GW
of new solar and wind projects announced (2025)

  • Energy & Climate Policy Framework

    North Macedonia is a small republic resulting from the break-up of former Yugoslavia, independent since 1991. It is part of the Energy Community Treaty with the EU (along with Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina, Kosovo, Serbia, Montenegro, Moldova, Georgia, and Ukraine), which aims at creating a pan-European energy market.

  • Energy Companies

    Electricity:

    ESM (Elektrani na Severna Makedonia, 100% state-owned) (ELEM before 2019) owns around 60% of the electricity capacity, with around 1 700 MW (57% of the country's capacity), comprising 557 MW from hydropower (8 plants), 824 MW from lignite-fired (4 units), the idle 210 MW Negotino oil-fired power plant, 60 MW of CHP, and a 37 MW wind park (2024).

  • Energy Supply & Demand

    Oil:

    Oil supplies are entirely covered by imports. North Macedonia ended crude oil imports in 2013, when the 50 kb/d OKTA refinery was shut down. Oil product imports have been fluctuating around 1.3 Mt since 2019 (1.2 Mt in 2024), up from an average 1.1 Mt/year over 2014-2018). They mostly come from Greece (86% in 2024), Bulgaria (10%), and Albania (2%).

  • Energy Use and Price by Sector

    Energy Prices in Transport:

    Maximum product prices are set by the ERC and are updated every week. They follow global trends, surging between 2020 and 2022 (+23%/year for gasoline and +33%/year for diesel) and easing in 2023 and 2024 (-6% and -11%, respectively). In 2024, fuel prices remained around 18% higher than in 2019.

  • Issues & Prospects

    According to the NECP, primary energy consumption will grow by 35% between 2017 and 2040 to 3.5 Mtoe, while final energy consumption will increase by 55% to 2.8 Mtoe.

  • Graph 1: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 2: Total Consumption Market Share by Energy (2024)
  • Graph 3: Installed Electric Capacity by Source
  • Graph 4: Installed Electric Capacity by Source (2024)
  • Graph 5: Gross Power Production by Source & Consumption
  • Graph 6: Power Generation by Source (2024)
  • Graph 7: Crude Oil Production & Consumption
  • Graph 8: Petroleum Products Production & Consumption
  • Graph 9: Gas Production & Consumption
  • Graph 10: Coal Production & Consumption
  • Graph 11: Emissions of GHG and CO2 from Fuel Combustion
  • Graph 12: Final Demand Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 13: Final Consumption by Sector
  • Graph 14: Final Consumption Market Share by Sector (2024)
  • Graph 15: Final Consumption in Industry by Energy Source
  • Graph 16: Energy Prices in Industry (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 17: Final Consumption in Transport by Energy Source
  • Graph 18: Energy Prices in Transport (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 19: Final Consumption in Residential, Services, Agriculture by Energy Source
  • Graph 20: Energy Prices in Residential (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 21: Upcoming New Capacity by Energy Source
  • Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions.
  • Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
  • Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
  • Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.

The North Macedonia energy market data since 1990 and up to is included in the Excel file accompanying the North Macedonia country report.
It showcases the historical evolution, allowing users to easily work with the data.

Key Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Economic indicators: Annual historical economic indicators, energy security, energy efficiency and CO2 emissions.
  • Supply indicators: Annual historical reserves, capacity, production and external trade (imports(+) exports(-) balance).
  • Demand indicators: Annual historical consumption per capita, consumption trends, total consumption, final consumption (per energy and per sector) and electricity consumption total and per sector.
  • Energy Balance: total and per energy.
  • North Macedonia Energy Prices: In addition to the analysis provided on the report we also provided a data set which includes historical details on the North Macedonia energy prices for the follow items: price of premium gasoline (taxes incl.), price of diesel (taxes incl.), price of electricity in industry (taxes incl.), price of electricity for households (taxes incl.), price of natural gas in industry (taxes incl.), prices of natural gas for households (taxes incl.), spot price of Brent and CO2 emissions (from fuel combustion).