Netherlands Key Figures
- Population:
- 17.9 million
- GDP growth rate:
- 0.12 %/year
- Energy independence:
- 32.2%
Data of the last year available: 2023
- Total consumption/GDP:*
- 59.1 (2005=100)
- CO2 Emissions:
- 7.01 tCO2/capita
- Rate of T&D power losses:
- 4.22%
* at purchasing power parity
View all macro and energy indicators in the Netherlands energy report
Netherlands Energy News
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Netherlands Energy Research
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Netherlands Total Energy Consumption
Energy consumption per capita reached 3.4 toe in 2023 and is 17% higher than the EU average, mainly because of the large refining and petrochemical industries. Per capita electricity consumption is 6 100 kWh, which is 10% above the EU average.
Total energy consumption decreased by 4% in 2023 to 61 Mtoe, after a 10% decrease in 2022 and a 3% post-Covid rebound in 2021 (at normal climate). It experienced a slight decrease between 2017 and 2020 (0.5%/year at normal climate). In 2023, consumption was 31% lower than its peak at 82 Mtoe in 2010.
Interactive Chart Netherlands Total Energy Consumption
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View the detailed fondamentals of the market at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Netherlands energy report
Netherlands Crude Oil Production
Crude oil production is low and decreasing (0.6 Mt in 2023). Crude imports (61 Mt in 2023) in 2023 mainly came from the US and Saudi Arabia (approximately 18% each). The share of Russia dropped from 31% in 2021 to 0.5% in 2022; in 2023, there were no imports from Russia.
The country plays a major role in Europe's oil supply, both in terms of exported volumes, as well as in terms of fixing the oil price (spot market of Rotterdam). In addition, the port of Rotterdam is a key location for oil transit in Europe.
Interactive Chart Netherlands Crude Oil Production
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Netherlands Oil Products Consumption
Oil consumption increased by 5% in 2023 to 25 Mt, after a 4% decrease in 2022 and a small increase in 2021 (1%). Previously, it decreased by 1.6%/year on average between 2010 and 2020.
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
The largest share of oil is consumed for non-energy uses in the petrochemical industry (35%), followed by transport (33%).
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2023, %)
Interactive Chart Netherlands Refined Oil Products Production
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Additionally, for more detailed information on refineries, you can request a sample of our EMEA Refineries Dataset
Netherlands Natural Gas Consumption
Gas consumption decreased by 5% in 2023 to 32 bcm. It had dropped by 22% in 2022 and declined by a further 3%/year between 2019 and 2021 to 42 bcm after increasing by 2%/year on average over 2015-2019.
Graph: NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION (bcm)
Interactive Chart Netherlands Natural Gas Domestic Consumption
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Additionally, for more detailed information on the LNG trade, you can request a sample of our EMEA LNG Trade Dataset
Netherlands Coal Consumption
Coal is mainly consumed for power generation (58%), followed by coking plants (other, 30%) and industry (12%). In 2023, coal consumption decreased by 34% to 6 Mt. In 2021, coal consumption increased by 43% and remained stable in 2022 at around 9 Mt. Between 2015 and 2020, coal consumption dropped by 67% (37% of which in 2020) to 6 Mt, due to the closures of coal-fired power plants. Previously, coal consumption saw a strong progression between 2011 and 2015 thanks to the gas-to-coal switch (+50%, including a 22% surge in 2015), bringing it to 18 Mt.
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Interactive Chart Netherlands Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption
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View the detailed consumption trends at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Netherlands energy report
Netherlands Power Consumption
Electricity consumption decreased by 0.4% in 2023 to 109 TWh, after experiencing a decrease of almost 4% in 2022. Previously, it had remained relatively stable over 2018-2020, after progressing by 1.2% per year between 2015 and 2018 and decreasing slightly over 2009-2014 (-0.8%/year).
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)
Services are the largest electricity users (34% in 2023), followed by industry (31%) and the residential sector (21%).
Netherlands Renewable in % Electricity Production
EZK is in charge of renewable energy policy, including the Stimulation of Sustainable Energy Production (SDE++ since 2020, Stimulering Duurzame Energieproductie) programme.
The national target to increase the share of renewables in final consumption to 14% in 2020 was reached thanks to imports of renewable electricity from Denmark.
Interactive Chart Netherlands Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Learn more about renewables in the European Battery Market Analysis
Netherlands CO2 Fuel Combustion/CO2 Emissions
Total net GHG emissions (including international aviation) have been decreasing since a peak in 1996. They decreased by 6% in 2023 to 149 MtCO2eq after an 8% decrease in 2022, mainly due to reduced gas consumption. In 2023, they were around 38% below their 1990 level and 48% below their peak value. They dropped by 11% in 2020 with the Covid crisis before increasing by close to 2% in 2021.