Italy Key Figures
- Population:
- 59.0 million
- GDP growth rate:
- 0.73 %/year
- Energy independence:
- 25.8%
Data of the last year available: 2024
- Total consumption/GDP:*
- 68.8 (2005=100)
- CO2 Emissions:
- 4.72 tCO2/capita
- Rate of T&D power losses:
- 5.97%
* at purchasing power parity
View all macro and energy indicators in the Italy energy report
Italy Energy News
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Italy Energy Research
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Italy Total Energy Consumption
Italy's per capita energy consumption is 17% lower than the EU average (2.3 toe in 2023). Electricity consumption per capita is 9% below the EU average at around 4 900 kWh.
Total energy consumption has been declining since 2021 (-3.7%/year), reaching 134 Mtoe in 2024, in a context of high energy prices and geopolitical concerns. Overall, it has fallen by 28% since its 2005 peak and now stands 9% below its 1990 level. The decrease in primary consumption is mainly due to higher power imports and the increased share of renewables in the power mix.
Interactive Chart Italy Total Energy Consumption
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View the detailed fondamentals of the market at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Italy energy report
Italy Crude Oil Production
Crude oil and NGL production is low, ranging between 4 and 6.5 Mt/year since 2000. Despite an 18% rebound in 2023 to 5.7 Mt after two years of decline, it fell again by 17% to 4.7 Mt in 2024.
Crude oil imports contracted by 8% in 2024 to 58 Mt, covering 86% of oil consumption. Four suppliers accounted for 61% of crude oil supply in 2023, namely Libya (21%), Azerbaijan (16%), Kazakhstan (15%), and Iraq (9%). Russia, which accounted for 19% of imports in 2022, did not export oil to Italy in 2023 and 2024.
Interactive Chart Italy Crude Oil Production
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Additionally, for more detailed information on refineries, you can request a sample of our EMEA Refineries Dataset
Italy Oil Products Consumption
Oil product consumption has returned to its 2016-2019 average of around 51 Mt since 2021 after a 15% drop in 2020. It had declined rapidly between 2005 and 2013 (-5%/year from 83 Mt to 54 Mt) and at a slower pace until 2019 (-1%/year).
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Interactive Chart Italy Refined Oil Products Production
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Additionally, for more detailed information on refineries, you can request a sample of our EMEA Refineries Dataset
Italy Natural Gas Consumption
Between 2021 and 2023, gas consumption fell by 10%/year to 62 bcm in 2023 and remained stable in 2024, due to record high gas prices, mild temperatures, lower industrial demand, consumer efforts, and a lower demand from the power sector. Gas consumption in 2024 was as low as its 2014 level. It grew before recovering by 4%/year until 2019 (rising consumption in the power sector).
Graph: NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION (bcm)
Interactive Chart Italy Natural Gas Domestic Consumption
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Additionally, for more detailed information on the LNG trade, you can request a sample of our EMEA LNG Trade Dataset
Italy Coal Consumption
Coal consumption is collapsing, falling by 38% in 2023 and by 55% in 2024 to a record low of 3.2 Mt. It more than halved between 2010 and 2020, due to the closure of coal-fired power plants and higher competition from gas and renewables and recovered in 2021 (+10%) and 2022 (+34% to 11.5 Mt), as lower hydropower generation and high gas prices raised coal demand from the power sector (+51% in 2022).
Power generation accounted for 52% of coal consumption in 2024 (77% in 2010), while 16% is consumed in industry.
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Interactive Chart Italy Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption
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View the detailed consumption trends at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Italy energy report
Italy Power Consumption
Electricity consumption increased by 2% in 2024 to 293 TWh, after two years of decline, as surging electricity prices in 2022 and still high prices in 2023 contributed to reduce demand in the industrial sector. It declined by 2%/year until 2014; since then, electricity consumption has averaged 295 TWh until 2022.
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)
Italy Renewable in % Electricity Production
The updated NECP (2024) raised the 2030 targets for the share of renewables in final consumption to 39.4% (+9.4 points), including 63% for electricity, 36% for heating and cooling, and 34% in transport. It also targets 42% to 54% of renewable hydrogen in total hydrogen consumption in industry by 2030. In 2023, renewables covered 19.6% of final energy consumption (38.1% for electricity, 21.7% for heating and cooling, and 10.2% for transport). Italy exceeded by 3.4 points its 2020 renewable targets, with a share of renewables in final energy consumption reaching 20.4%.
Interactive Chart Italy Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Learn more about renewables in the European Battery Market Analysis
Italy CO2 Fuel Combustion/CO2 Emissions
The updated NECP (2024) aims at cutting GHG emissions for all ETS sectors by 58% (up from 43% in the 2019 NECP) and for all non-ETS sectors by up to 29% in 2030 (from 33%) compared to 2005. Italy also aims to remove 28 MtCO2 from the LULUCF sector. Total GHG emissions (excluding LULUCF) dipped by nearly 7% in 2023 to 385 MtCO2eq. They had been declining between their peak at 562 MtCO2eq in 2005 and 2014 (-4%/year) and since 2019 (-3%/year); they remained stable at around 400 MtCO2eq between 2014 and 2019.