India Key Figures
- Population:
- 1451 million
- GDP growth rate:
- 6.46 %/year
- Energy independence:
- 65.4%
Data of the last year available: 2024
- Total consumption/GDP:*
- 75.9 (2005=100)
- CO2 Emissions:
- 2.22 tCO2/capita
- Rate of T&D power losses:
- 16.7%
* at purchasing power parity
View all macro and energy indicators in the India energy report
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India Energy Research
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India Total Energy Consumption
Total energy consumption per capita reached 0.8 toe (2024), half the Asian average. Electricity consumption per capita reached 1050 kWh in 2024.
Total energy consumption continued to grow significantly (6.5%/year since 2020, of which 4.5% in 2024), reaching 1.2 Gtoe in 2024. It increased slightly less rapidly over 2010-2019 (4.6%/year).
Interactive Chart India Total Energy Consumption
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View the detailed fondamentals of the market at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the India energy report
India Crude Oil Production
Oil production has declined by 24% since 2010, reaching 32 Mt in 2024 (-13% since 2019).
India is the world's third largest importer of crude oil, reaching its highest level in 2024 at 241 Mt (+2.8%/year since 2010). In 2024, crude oil imports represented 93% of the country's oil needs. The country is a net oil product exporter (13 Mt in 2024), although its net exports have fallen by 56% since 2018.
Interactive Chart India Crude Oil Production
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India Oil Products Consumption
Oil product consumption has rebounded (5%/year) since a sharp drop in 2020 (-10%) and reached 243 Mt in 2024. It had increased less rapidly over 2010-2019 (3%/year).
Of the total consumption for 2024, 56% was used in transport, 24% in industry (including non-energy uses), and 14% in the residential, services, and agriculture sector.
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2024, %)
Interactive Chart India Refined Oil Products Production
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India Natural Gas Consumption
Gas consumption increased by 10%/year since 2022 to 77 bcm in 2024, after a 4% decline in 2022 as high gas prices deterred imports. Between 2014 and 2021, gas consumption increased by 4%/year.
Industry is the main consumer of gas, with 58% in 2024 (mainly fertiliser plants). It is followed by electricity production (19%) and transport (10%). The residential and services sector accounted for 2%; the actual share of this sector is underestimated, as official statistics combine transport (CNG) and sales of city gas to local distributors, mainly in residential and services.
Interactive Chart India Natural Gas Domestic Consumption
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India Coal Consumption
Coal and lignite consumption has increased very rapidly since 2020 (8%/year) reaching 1.4 Gt in 2024. Between 2015 and 2018, the progression was two times slower (around 5%/year). The consumption decreased in 2019 and 2020.
In 2024, power generation is the main consumer of coal and lignite, with 61%, followed by industry with 32%.
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2024, %)
Interactive Chart India Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption
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India Power Consumption
Electricity consumption has increased by 7%/year since 2020, of which 4% in 2024 to 1532 TWh. It grew at the same rate over 2010-2019 and fell by 8.5% in 2020.
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)
India Renewable in % Electricity Production
IREDA,the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency,finances the development of renewables.
SECI, Solar Energy Corporation of India, under the MNRE, manages the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM), which aimed to deploy 100 GW of solar power over 2010-2022 (97 GW in 2024). The government also set the target of 40 GW of rooftop solar capacity by mid-2022 (only 12 GW installed at the end of FY2023). A new subsidy scheme for rooftop solar was released in 2024 to meet the target by 2026, resulting in 4.6 GW of new capacity installed in 2024.
Interactive Chart India Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)
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Learn more about renewables in the Mini grid Africa & Asia markets for village electrification
India CO2 Fuel Combustion/CO2 Emissions
In its updated NDC (2022), the country reiterated a target to reduce its CO2 emission intensity of GDP by 45% in 2030, compared to 2005 levels. In 2021, the country pledged to reach net-zero emissions in 2070.
The country published in December 2024 its fourth Biennial Update Report (BUR) to UNFCCC, which only provide GHG emissions inventories up to 2020. According to BUR, GHG emission were multiplied by 2.4 between 1994 and 2020 (+3.4%/year), reaching 2.96 GtCO2eq (excl. LULUCF), of which 75% for energy, 14% for agriculture, 8% for process and 3% for wastes.