India Energy Information

Total Energy Consumption

Total energy consumption per capita remains around 0.7 toe (2019), two times lower than the Asian average. Electricity consumption per capita was around 900 kWh in 2019, compared with an Asian average of around 2 550 kWh.

Total energy consumption had been increasing rapidly (+3.3%/year over 2010-2018), but its progression stopped in 2019 (+0.2%) remaining around 908 Mtoe. It is mostly due to a decrease in coal and electricity consumption.

Interactive Chart India Total Energy Consumption

Crude Oil Production

Oil production has decreased slightly since 2011 (-1.5%/year) to 38 Mt in 2019.

Given the rapid growth in oil demand, net oil imports are increasing rapidly, and India is now the world's third largest importer of crude with imports of 225 Mt (2019), compared to 164 Mt in 2010 (+37%). Crude oil imports represent around 83% of the country's oil needs in 2019 (steady since 2010). India, however, is a net oil products exporter (about 24 Mt in 2019). India's oil import dependence increased from 74% in 2010 to 84% in 2019.

Interactive Chart India Crude Oil Production

Oil Products Consumption

Oil product consumption has increased rapidly since 2010 (4.6%/year) to reach 223 Mt in 2019.

Of this total consumption, 43% is used in transport, 28% in industry, and 20% in the residential, services and agriculture sector. The remainder is consumed in power plants (4%) and in the coal and hydrocarbon sector ("others", 5%).

Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)

Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2019, %)

Interactive Chart India Refined Oil Products Production

Natural Gas Consumption

Gas consumption soared over 2009-2011 to reach 64 bcm, and then dropped to 50 bcm in 2014 and 2015 due to supply problems. Gas consumption has since increased to 69 bcm in 2019 (+6.8%/year since 2015), as the country imported more LNG.

Industry is the main consumer of gas with 66% (mainly fertiliser plants). It is followed by electricity production (23%) and, to a much lesser extent, transport (5%) and the residential and services sector (4%).

Interactive Chart India Natural Gas Domestic Consumption

Coal Consumption

Coal and lignite consumption increased very rapidly between 2000 and 2013 (6.1%/year). After slower growth over 2014-2016, consumption rebounded in 2017 and 2018, but fell by 3% in 2019 to 948 Mt, the most important decline ever recorded.

Power generation and industry are the main consumers of coal and lignite, with 74% and 22%, respectively (3% only for households and services).

Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)

Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2019, %)

Interactive Chart India Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption

Power Consumption

Electricity consumption had increased sharply at an average of 6.7%/year over 2010-2018, but in 2019 the consumption remained stable at around 1230 TWh.

Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)

Renewable in % Electricity Production

IREDA, the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency, financed the development of renewables.

India has the most ambitious renewable capacity target in the world: 227 GW to be installed by 2022 and 275 GW by 2027 (excluding large hydro, considered as renewable energy only since FY2019). In 2019, the government announced that it aims to further develop renewables to reach 450 GW of renewables by 2030.

Interactive Chart India Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

CO₂ Fuel Combustion/CO₂ Emissions

In its NDC, India aims to reduce its CO₂ emission intensity of GDP by 33-35% by 2030 relative to 2005. It also aims for 40% of the total electricity capacity to be based on non-fossil fuel sources by 2030.

In 2019, the government announced a 100% railways electrification target by 2030 as part of its strategy to reduce its CO₂ emissions.

CO₂ emissions from the use of energy have more than quadrupled since 1990, increasing by 4.5%/year on average over 2010-2018. However, these emissions decreased slightly in 2019 (-0.9%), due to a 3.4% drop in coal consumption.