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4 files (PDF report, 3 Excel files)
Pages
80 (Report only)
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Table of Contents
  • GENERAL OVERVIEW
  • ENERGY AND CLIMATE POLICY FRAMEWORK
  • ENERGY COMPANIES
  • ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND
  • ENERGY USE AND PRICE BY SECTOR
  • ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
  • STATISTICS
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • GLOSSARY

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Overview

India’s energy and climate policy framework reflects ambitious decarbonisation goals, having already met its 2030 non-fossil fuel capacity target ahead of schedule while committing to carbon neutrality by 2070. Governance is fragmented across multiple ministries, with NITI Aayog guiding economic and policy strategy. The energy sector prioritises renewable expansion—targeting 500 GW of non-fossil capacity by 2030—alongside coal reliance, grid modernisation, and emerging technologies like green hydrogen. Market reforms, including liberalised distribution and tax consolidation, aim to enhance efficiency and investment.

Get more details on the table of contents and data files, as well as the list of graphs and tables by browsing the tabs below.

Highlights

  • The country already achieved its 2030 target of 50% of non-fossil fuel capacity in June 2025.
  • It pledges to reach carbon-neutrality by 2070.
  • Fossil fuel production is dominated by state-owned companies: CIL for coal and ONGC for gas and oil.
  • Private companies own half of power capacity.
  • Coal production reached its highest level in 2024, supplying almost 3/4 of the power production.
  • More than 130 GW of solar has been installed since 2016.
  • Final energy consumption keeps increasing rapidly (5%/year since 2020).
  • Gas prices started to decrease in 2024, after reaching their highest level in 2023.
  • Power production is expected to grow by around 5%/year by 2031, with the share of coal decreasing to 50% and renewables filling most of the gap (44%).
  • The country plans to add 80 GW of coal-fired capacity by 2032.
2nd
largest coal producer
50%
of CO2-free sources in the power capacity mix in 2025
93%
oil import dependence (2024)

  • Energy & Climate Policy Framework

    The management of the energy sector is split between several ministries: the Ministry of Power (MoP) for electricity and the coordination of energy conservation programmes; the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG); the Ministry of Coal; and, finally, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).

  • Energy Companies

    Oil:

    ONGC, Oil and National Gas Corporation, accounts for 65% of India's crude oil production with 19 Mt (FY2023-24). ONGC is also involved in oil exploration abroad through its subsidiary OVL, ONGC Videsh Ltd. (100% ONGC) with a project portfolio in 17 countries. ONGC holds 717 Mtoe of domestic 2P crude oil and gas reserves (2023).

  • Energy Supply & Demand

    Gas:

    Natural gas production has increased by 6%/year since 2020, reaching 37 bcm in 2024, after a 2.7%/year decline between 2014 and 2020.

  • Energy Use and Price by Sector

    Energy Prices in Transport:

    In 2010, the Government liberalised the price of motor gasoline and it fully liberalised diesel prices in 2014, to end the costly diesel subsidies, which amounted to about 1.4% of GDP in FY2013. Since their liberalisation, diesel and gasoline prices now follow international prices.

  • Issues & Prospects

    The energy sector is faced with several challenges: the level of oil production is low, while the consumption is rising sharply, leading to more imports. In both oil and gas sectors, sizeable investments are needed to increase energy production and improve infrastructure, especially for supporting larger imports.

  • Graph 1: Final Intensity to GDP
  • Graph 2: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 3: Total Consumption Market Share by Energy (2024)
  • Graph 4: Installed Electric Capacity by Source
  • Graph 5: Installed Electric Capacity by Source (2024)
  • Graph 6: Gross Power Production by Source & Consumption
  • Graph 7: Power Generation by Source (2024)
  • Graph 8: CO2 Intensity of Electricity Generation
  • Graph 9: Crude Oil Production & Consumption
  • Graph 10: Petroleum Products Production & Consumption
  • Graph 11: Gas Production & Consumption
  • Graph 12: Coal Production & Consumption
  • Graph 13: GHG Emissions and CO2-energy Emissions
  • Graph 14: CO2-Emissions per Capita
  • Graph 15: CO2 Intensity to GDP
  • Graph 16: Final Demand Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 17: Final Consumption by Sector
  • Graph 18: Final Consumption Market Share by Sector (2024)
  • Graph 19: Share of Electricity in Total Final Energy Consumption
  • Graph 20: Final Consumption in Industry by Energy Source
  • Graph 21: Energy Prices in Industry (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 22: Final Consumption in Transport by Energy Source
  • Graph 23: Energy Prices in Transport (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 24: Final Consumption in Residential, Services, Agriculture by Energy Source
  • Graph 25: Energy Prices in Residential (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 26: Upcoming New Capacity by Energy Source
  • Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions.
  • Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
  • Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
  • Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.

The India energy market data since 1990 and up to is included in the Excel file accompanying the India country report.
It showcases the historical evolution, allowing users to easily work with the data.

Key Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Economic indicators: Annual historical economic indicators, energy security, energy efficiency and CO2 emissions.
  • Supply indicators: Annual historical reserves, capacity, production and external trade (imports(+) exports(-) balance).
  • Demand indicators: Annual historical consumption per capita, consumption trends, total consumption, final consumption (per energy and per sector) and electricity consumption total and per sector.
  • Energy Balance: total and per energy.
  • India Energy Prices: In addition to the analysis provided on the report we also provided a data set which includes historical details on the India energy prices for the follow items: price of premium gasoline (taxes incl.), price of diesel (taxes incl.), price of electricity in industry (taxes incl.), price of electricity for households (taxes incl.), price of natural gas in industry (taxes incl.), prices of natural gas for households (taxes incl.), spot price of Brent and CO2 emissions (from fuel combustion).

The India country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.

Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
  • Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
  • CO2: Total CO2 emissions.
  • Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
  • Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO2 emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.