Germany Key Figures
- Population:
- 84.8 million
- GDP growth rate:
- -0.3 %/year
- Energy independence:
- 33.9%
Data of the last year available: 2023
- Total consumption/GDP:*
- 58.6 (2005=100)
- CO2 Emissions:
- 6.74 tCO2/capita
- Rate of T&D power losses:
- 5.24%
* at purchasing power parity
View all macro and energy indicators in the Germany energy report
Germany Energy News
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Germany Energy Research
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
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Germany Total Energy Consumption
Per capita consumption decreased further to below 3 toe in 2023 (-10%), many due to lower economic activity and warmer temperatures. Per capita electricity consumption also fell to 5,465 kWh.
In 2023, total energy consumption decreased by 9%, reaching 246 Mtoe, its lowest level since reunification. Previously, it decreased by 1.1%/year over 2016-2019.
Graph: CONSUMPTION TRENDS BY ENERGY SOURCE (Mtoe)
Interactive Chart Germany Total Energy Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
View the detailed fondamentals of the market at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Germany energy report
Germany Crude Oil Production
Germany relies on imports for more than 96% of its crude oil supply with a declining production, which reached 2.8 Mt in 2023. Crude oil imports declined by 2%/year over 2015-2021, with a 9% rebound in 2022, and decreased further by 13% in 2023 to 77 Mt. Imports from Russia are near to zero (down from a 35% share in 2021) and are counterbalanced by supply from Norway, UK, Kazakhstan, and the US.
Interactive Chart Germany Crude Oil Production
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on refineries, you can request a sample of our EMEA Refineries Dataset
Germany Oil Products Consumption
The consumption of oil products decreased further in 2023 to 84 Mt (-6%), after a 2.8% decrease over 2019-2021 (5% in 2020 due to the Covid crisis). From 2012 to 2017, the consumption of oil products remained relatively flat at around 100 Mt.
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Of total products, 55% are consumed in transport, followed by residential & services (16%) and non-energy uses (15%).
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2023, %)
Interactive Chart Germany Refined Oil Products Production
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on refineries, you can request a sample of our EMEA Refineries Dataset
Germany Natural Gas Consumption
Natural gas consumption dropped further by 4% in 2023 (vs 10% in 2022) to 86 bcm, following the shift to other energies. Previously, gas consumption soared by nearly 4%/year over 2014-2019. After a 3% drop in 2020, it increased by 6.5% in 2021.
Graph: NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION (bcm)
Interactive Chart Germany Natural Gas Domestic Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on the LNG trade, you can request a sample of our EMEA LNG Trade Dataset
Germany Coal Consumption
Coal and lignite consumption plummeted by 23% in 2023, below their Covid levels of 2020 at 132 Mt, reflecting the end of the temporary restart of coal and lignite-fired power plants at the end of 2022 and their gradual phase-out. It decreased by 3.5%/year between 2015 and 2018, and by around 20% in 2019 and 2020, following the closure of 9 GW of coal and lignite fired power plants.
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Interactive Chart Germany Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
View the detailed consumption trends at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Germany energy report
Germany Power Consumption
Electricity consumption decreased in 2023 for the second year in a row by 5% to 465 TWh (back to its 1994 level), after a 3.5% rebound in 2021. It decreased by 0.8%/year between 2010 and 2019, with an acceleration since 2017 (-1.6%/year).
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh).
Electricity consumption is dominated by industry (42% in 2023), followed by the residential sector (28%) and services (24%).
Germany Renewable in % Electricity Production
The Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA), within BMWi, is the agency that funds the development of renewables.
The NECP targets a share of 30% of renewables in final consumption in 2030 In 2022, this share was 20.8%, of which 50% was for electricity, 42% for heating, and 8% in transport. The 2020 target of 18% was exceeded by 1.1 points.
The Climate action programme (2023) set a target of an 80% share of power consumption by 2030 and 100% by 2035 from renewables.
Interactive Chart Germany Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Learn more about renewables in the European Battery Market Analysis
Germany CO2 Fuel Combustion/CO2 Emissions
In 2021, Germany updated its climate goals from the Federal Climate Change Act with a revised goal of a 65% cut in GHG emissions by 2030 compared with 1990 and an 88% cut by 2040, which are also included in the latest NECP. The law prescribes annual emissions budgets, i.e. how much GHG each sector (energy, industry, transport, buildings, agriculture, waste, and others) can emit each year over 2020- 2030. It also brings forward the goal of GHG neutrality by 2045 and introduces a national carbon tax, set at 25€/tCO2 from 2021.