Germany Energy Information

Germany Energy Research

- Germany's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: Germany targets 65% GHG reduction by 2030, 100% renewables in electricity by 2035, and carbon neutrality by 2045.

- Germany's Energy Companies: Germany’s energy sector is decentralised, with major firms like RWE, EnBW, and Uniper leading power generation, amid state interventions post-Russian gas cuts.

- Germany's Energy Supply & Demand: Germany’s energy mix shifted significantly since 2010, with renewables now comprising nearly 60% of power generation. Coal and lignite use has declined markedly, while gas and biomass shares rose. CO₂ intensity of electricity fell over 35% since 2010.

- Germany's Energy Use & Price by Sector: German energy use fell 1.6% in 2025; industrial/gas prices exceed EU averages. Household electricity/gas costs remain 33% higher.

- Germany's Issues & Prospects: Germany’s energy transition: massive grid expansion, 8.8 GW hydrogen by 2035, and 10,000 km H₂ network by 2032.

Germany Total Energy Production & Consumption

In 2025, total energy consumption decreased slightly (-1.1%), reaching 239 Mtoe (-2.6% at normal climate), after a sharp reduction over 2021-2024 (-5%/year at normal climate). Previously, it had decreased by 0.9%/year over 2010-2019 (normal climate). Per capita consumption is around 2.9 toe in 2025, which is close to the average EU level.

Oil accounts for more than 1/3 of overall consumption in 2025, followed by gas, whose share reached a record level (28%, +5 pp since 2010), coal and lignite (14%, -10 pp), biomass (13%, +5 pp), and primary electricity (9%, -3 pp).

Source: Germany energy report

Interactive Chart Germany Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Germany Oil Production & Consumption

Crude oil production is limited and has declined by around 1%/year on average since 2000, falling below 2.9 Mt in 2025 (around 3% of its needs). In 2025, Germany crude oil imports decreased by 4% to around 80 Mt, following a 9% rebound in 2024 and a 13% decrease in 2023. Imports from Russia are virtually at zero (down from a 35% share in 2021) and are counterbalanced by supply from Norway and the USA and (resp. 17% and 16% as of 2025) and Libya (14%).

Source: Germany energy report

Interactive Chart Germany Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart Germany Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Germany Natural Gas Production & Consumption

Gas production was divided by around a factor 3 over 2010-2025, from 15 bcm to 5.3 bcm in 2025, corresponding to only 6% of the demand.

Net gas imports remained stable at 71 bcm since 2023, after an 18% decrease in 2023 and an average 4%/year rebound from 2020 to 2022. They increased by 8%/year between 2014 and 2019 to a record level of 95 bcm but dropped by 15% in 2020.

Source: Germany energy report

Interactive Chart Germany Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Germany Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Germany remains by far Europe's largest lignite producer, with 84 Mt in 2025, despite a 14% decrease since 2022 due to the gradual phase-out of coal and lignite-fired power plants. Lignite production followed a rapid decreasing trend over 2012-2020; 83% of the lignite was used in power plants in 2025 (+2 points). Germany represented 35% of the total lignite production in the EU (2024).

Source: Germany energy report

Interactive Chart Germany Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Germany Renewable in % Electricity Production

The Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA), within BMWi, is the agency that funds the development of renewables.

The NECP (2024) targets an updated share of 41% of renewables in gross final consumption in 2030. In 2025, this share was 23.5% (55% for electricity, 19% for heating and cooling, and 8% in transport). The 2020 target of 18% was exceeded by 1.1 points.

Source: Germany energy report

Interactive Chart Germany Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Germany GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

In 2021, Germany updated its climate goals from the Federal Climate Change Act with a revised goal of at least a 65% cut in GHG emissions by 2030 compared with 1990 and at least an 88% cut by 2040. These cuts are also included in its final NECP. The 2030 target is higher than the 55% reduction set for all EU members in the EU NDC (2023). The law prescribes annual emissions budgets, i.e. how much GHG each sector (energy, industry, transport, buildings, agriculture, waste, and others) can emit each year over 2020-2030.

Source: Germany energy report

Interactive Chart Germany CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data