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Germany energy report

Germany energy report
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Format
4 files (PDF report, 3 Excel files)
Pages
83 (Report only)
Delivery
Immediate by e-mail
Table of Contents
  • GENERAL OVERVIEW
  • ENERGY AND CLIMATE POLICY FRAMEWORK
  • ENERGY COMPANIES
  • ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND
  • ENERGY USE AND PRICE BY SECTOR
  • ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
  • STATISTICS
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • GLOSSARY

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Overview

Germany’s energy and climate policy framework centres on ambitious decarbonisation targets, including carbon neutrality by 2045 and a 65% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. Renewables dominate the electricity mix, with plans to achieve 100% renewable power by 2035, supported by significant investments in wind, solar, and hydrogen infrastructure. Regulatory bodies oversee market liberalisation, grid expansion, and energy security, while financial incentives and subsidies drive the transition away from fossil fuels.

Get more details on the table of contents and data files, as well as the list of graphs and tables by browsing the tabs below.

Highlights

  • Germany aims to reduce GHG emissions by at least 65% in 2030 compared to 1990 and to reach carbon neutrality by 2045. It targets a share of 100% of renewables in its electricity consumption in 2035.
  • Power generation is very decentralised. Uniper, the third largest generator, has been nationalised in 2022, following the interruption of Russian gas supply.
  • Total primary consumption has decreased by 28% since 2010. Renewables accounted for nearly 60% of the power mix in 2025 (+40 pp since 2010). The coal/lignite-fired capacity has dropped by 31% since 2020.
  • Final consumption decreased by 1.6% in 2025 at normal climate, after a sharp decrease over 2021-2023 (-4.5%/year). Electricity prices for industry and households remain much higher than the European level.
  • Massive power grid expansion will be key for the planned development of solar and wind by 2030. Around 20 GW of gas power plants are planned by 2030 for ensuring a complete coal phase-out. The country plans to add 8.8 GW of hydrogen plants by 2035 and almost 10 000 km of network by 2032.
100%
renewables in power consumption by 2030
-65%
in GHG emissions by 2030
2038
phase-out of coal and lignite

  • Energy & Climate Policy Framework

    The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWE) oversees the country's energy policy and supervises the energy sector.

    The Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) is responsible for climate policies and the nuclear sector.

  • Energy Companies

    Gas:

    Five companies share 99% of the gas production in 2024, namely BEB (Shell 50%, ExxonMobil 50%; 39% of total production with 1.7 bcm), Mobil (24%), Neptune Energy (15%), WintershallDEA (15%), and Vermilion (5%).

  • Energy Supply & Demand

    Resources:

    Germany has very limited and declining hydrocarbon reserves (15 Mt of oil vs 28 Mt as of 2019, and 18.5 bcm of natural gas end of 2024 vs 25 bcm in 2019). The shale gas potential is estimated by the Federal Institute for Geosciences (BGR) at between 320 bcm and 2 030 bcm. Germany's subsoil is rich in lignite, with reserves of more than 35 Gt.

  • Energy Use and Price by Sector

    Energy Prices in Residential:

    After a 23% peak in 2023, the average electricity price for residential consumers decreased by 3% over 2024-2025 to reach 38.4 c/kWh; it stood around 1/3 above the EU average in 2024 and remained stable over 2013-2020.

  • Issues & Prospects

    Electricity:

    To face expected growth in power demand, the country aims to accelerate the development of renewables. A draft of the updated version of the Network Expansion Plan 2037/2045 (NEP) was published in December 2025: electricity consumption is expected to nearly double between 2024 and 2037 (+4 to +6%/year according to the scenario), reaching up to 999 TWh in 2037; and up to 1 207 TWh by 2045.

  • Graph 1: Final Intensity to GDP
  • Graph 2: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 3: Total Consumption Market Share by Energy (2025)
  • Graph 4: Installed Electric Capacity by Source
  • Graph 5: Installed Electric Capacity by Source (2025)
  • Graph 6: Gross Power Production by Source & Consumption
  • Graph 7: Power Generation by Source (2025)
  • Graph 8: CO2 Intensity of Electricity Generation
  • Graph 9: Crude Oil Production & Consumption
  • Graph 10: Petroleum Products Production & Consumption
  • Graph 11: Gas Production & Consumption
  • Graph 12: Coal Production & Consumption
  • Graph 13: Emissions of GHG and CO2 from fuel combustion
  • Graph 14: CO2-Emissions per Capita
  • Graph 15: CO2 Intensity to GDP
  • Graph 16: Final Demand Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 17: Final Consumption by Sector
  • Graph 18: Final Consumption Market Share by Sector (2025)
  • Graph 19: Share of Electricity in Total Final Energy Consumption
  • Graph 20: Final Consumption in Industry by Energy Source
  • Graph 21: Energy Prices in Industry (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 22: Final Consumption in Transport by Energy Source
  • Graph 23: Energy Prices in Transport (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 24: Final Consumption in Residential, Services, Agriculture by Energy Source
  • Graph 25: Upcoming New Capacity by Energy Source
  • Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions.
  • Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
  • Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
  • Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.

The Germany energy market data since 1990 and up to is included in the Excel file accompanying the Germany country report.
It showcases the historical evolution, allowing users to easily work with the data.

Key Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Economic indicators: Annual historical economic indicators, energy security, energy efficiency and CO2 emissions.
  • Supply indicators: Annual historical reserves, capacity, production and external trade (imports(+) exports(-) balance).
  • Demand indicators: Annual historical consumption per capita, consumption trends, total consumption, final consumption (per energy and per sector) and electricity consumption total and per sector.
  • Energy Balance: total and per energy.
  • Germany Energy Prices: In addition to the analysis provided on the report we also provided a data set which includes historical details on the Germany energy prices for the follow items: price of premium gasoline (taxes incl.), price of diesel (taxes incl.), price of electricity in industry (taxes incl.), price of electricity for households (taxes incl.), price of natural gas in industry (taxes incl.), prices of natural gas for households (taxes incl.), spot price of Brent and CO2 emissions (from fuel combustion).

The Germany country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.

Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
  • Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
  • CO2: Total CO2 emissions.
  • Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
  • Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO2 emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.