Germany Energy Information

Total Energy Consumption

Per capita consumption is 3.6 toe (2019). Per capita electricity consumption is 6 200 kWh; it has been decreasing by 1.3%/year since 2012.

Germany is the largest energy consumer in Europe. Total consumption decreased by 1.2%/year between 2016 and 2019 to 296 Mtoe.

Graph: CONSUMPTION TRENDS BY ENERGY SOURCE (Mtoe)

Graph: TOTAL CONSUMPTION MARKET SHARE BY ENERGY (2019, %)

Interactive Chart Germany Total Energy Consumption

Crude Oil Production

Germany relies on imports for more than 95% of its crude oil supply with a production of 3.3 Mt in 2019. The country imported 86 Mt of crude oil in 2019. The country's main suppliers of crude oil are Russia (31% in 2019) and the Netherlands (10% in 2019).

Germany has 12 refineries in operation with a total capacity of 2.1 mb/d. Diesel and heating oil account for 41% of the production of oil products. Germany imported 42 Mt of refined products, mainly from the Netherlands and Russia (45% and 20%, respectively, in 2019).

Interactive Chart Germany Crude Oil Production

Oil Products Consumption

Since 2012, the consumption of oil products remained relatively flat at around 100 Mt/year.

Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)

More than half of oil products are consumed in transport (58%). Industry accounts for 20% of consumption and buildings 17% (2019).

Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2019, %)

Interactive Chart Germany Refined Oil Products Production

Natural Gas Consumption

Natural gas consumption increased by 3.9%/year since 2015, to reach 95 bcm in 2019.

Graph: NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION (bcm)

In 2019, buildings (residential, services, and agriculture) accounted for 43% of the gas consumption; this is trailed by the industrial (30%) and power sectors (23%), while the latter represented 29% of gas consumption in 2010.

Graph: GAS CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2019, %)

Interactive Chart Germany Natural Gas Domestic Consumption

Coal Consumption

Coal and lignite consumption decreased by 4.8%/year from 2012 to 2019, with a 20% decrease in 2019 alone to 172 Mt, mainly because of the closure of several coal-and lignite fired power plants.

Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)

The power sector absorbs 83% of coal and lignite consumption and industry accounts for 11%.

Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2019, %)

Interactive Chart Germany Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption

Power Consumption

Electricity consumption has decreased by 0.6%/year since 2010, with an acceleration since 2017 (2.3%/year) to 516 TWh in 2019. In 2019, the electricity consumption was 6% lower than in 2010.

Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh).

Electricity consumption is dominated by industry (42% in 2019), followed by services (27%) and the residential sector (25%).

Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2019, %)

Renewable in % Electricity Production

The Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA), within BMWi, is the agency that funds the development of renewables.

Interactive Chart Germany Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

CO₂ Fuel Combustion/CO₂ Emissions

In December 2019, Germany's Climate Action Programme 2030 received final approval from the upper house of the parliament (Bundstrat). The programme aims at a 55% cut in GHG emissions by 2030 compared with 1990. The text prescribes how much CO₂ each sector (energy, industry, transport, buildings, agriculture, waste, and others) can emit each year between 2020 and 2030. The Climate Protection Act would oblige the responsible ministries to take immediate action in event that sectoral emissions exceeded the planned level.