Türkiye Energy Information

Türkiye Energy Research

- Turkey's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: Türkiye targets 42% GHG cuts by 2035, 120GW renewables, and net-zero by 2053 under its Energy & Climate Policy Framework.

- Turkey's Energy Companies: Turkey's energy sector features state-run and private firms in power, oil, gas, and coal. Key players include EUAŞ, TPAO, BOTAŞ, and Tüpraş.

- Turkey's Energy Supply & Demand: Türkiye’s energy mix: renewables up 17pp since 2010 (43% in 2025), gas & coal declining, oil stable. CO₂ intensity remains high but projected to fall sharply by 2050.

- Turkey's Energy Use & Price by Sector: Final energy consumption rose 3.6% annually, with gas in buildings and oil in transport dominating. Electricity’s share grew modestly to 21%, expected to reach 45% by 2050. Industry demand increased 3.5% yearly, led by electricity. Transport relies almost entirely on oil. Residential, services, and agriculture account for 40% of demand, primarily gas and electricity. Energy prices surged in Turkish lira, particularly for electricity and oil.

- Turkey's Issues & Prospects: Türkiye targets 120 GW renewable capacity by 2035, expanding nuclear and grid infrastructure.

Türkiye Total Energy Production & Consumption

Primary energy consumption has been slowing down since 2017 (+2%/year), to reach 173 Mtoe in 2025, after a 5%/year growth between 2010 and 2017. Primary consumption per capita reached 2 toe in 2025, i.e., 22% below the European average.

The share of oil in the energy mix has remained quite stable since 2010 (29% in 2025), while the share of gas and coal have lost 2 and 5 pp, respectively, reaching 28% and 25% in 2025, to the benefit of primary electricity (+7 pp to 12%). The share of biomass was 3% in 2025 (stable).

Graph: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source

Source: Türkiye energy report

Interactive Chart Türkiye Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Türkiye Oil Production & Consumption

Türkiye covers only 18% of its total oil needs with a production of 7.4 Mt of crude oil (2025). However, its crude oil production has been growing by 8.8%/year since 2011 and by 22%/year over the last two years.

In 2025, crude oil imports reached 32 Mt (+1%); overall, they remained stable around 29-33 Mt over the last 7 years. Crude oil exports are very low (0.6 Mt in 2025).

Crude oil consumption doubled between 2010 and 2022 (+6%/year), to a record high of 41 Mt. It rebounded by 5% in 2025 to 42 Mt after two years of decrease in consumption.

Source: Türkiye energy report

Interactive Chart Türkiye Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart Türkiye Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Türkiye Natural Gas Production & Consumption

The production of natural gas has been soaring since 2022, from 0.4 bcm to 3.1 bcm in 2025 (+38%), a record high since 1990. Most of the production comes from the Black Sea's Sakarya field, where over 600 bcm worth of gas have been discovered by TPAO since 2020. First commercial production started in 2023.

Source: Türkiye energy report

Interactive Chart Türkiye Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Türkiye Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Coal and lignite production decreased by 8% in 2025, reaching 75 Mt. Production has been unstable since 2020, ranging between 74 and 95 Mt, its record. Previously, it had recorded rapid growth from 2015 to 2018 (+13%/year), after decreasing between 2008 and 2015.

Imports have doubled since 2010, reaching 46 Mt in 2025, due to a strong increase in domestic demand. Exports are low (less than 1 Mt).

Source: Türkiye energy report

Interactive Chart Türkiye Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Türkiye Renewable in % Electricity Production

The General Directorate of Renewable Energy of MENR is in charge of implementing policy on renewables.

Türkiye aims to reach 120 GW of solar and wind capacity by 2035. As part of the National Energy Plan 2022-2035, renewables are expected to account for 75% of the new power capacity that will be commissioned and will make up 65% of total capacity in 2035 (up from 59% in 2024).

Source: Türkiye energy report

Interactive Chart Türkiye Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Türkiye GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

In its NDC 3.0 (November 2025), Türkiye pledged to cut its GHG emissions in 2035 by 42% below a BAU scenario (41% in 2030 in its 2023 NDC 2.0). This corresponds to a reduction of 466 MtCO2eq, which would limit GHG emissions to 643 MtCO2eq (incl. LULUCF) in 2035, around 65% higher than in 2012.

Türkiye also intends to peak its emissions in 2038 at the latest and achieve net zero by 2053.

Source: Türkiye energy report

Interactive Chart Türkiye CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data