United Kingdom Key Figures
- Population:
- 68.4 million
- GDP growth rate:
- 0.10 %/year
- Energy independence:
- 64.5%
Data of the last year available: 2023
- Total consumption/GDP:*
- 52.4 (2005=100)
- CO2 Emissions:
- 4.26 tCO2/capita
- Rate of T&D power losses:
- 9.21%
* at purchasing power parity
View all macro and energy indicators in the United Kingdom energy report
United Kingdom Energy News
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United Kingdom Energy Research
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
A data overview is available in the global energy statistics app
United Kingdom Total Energy Consumption
Consumption per capita has shrunk by almost a third since 2000, bringing it to 2.1 toe in 2023. Electricity consumption per capita dropped by 30%, from 5 800 kWh in 2000 to 3930 kWh in 2023.
In 2023, energy consumption at normal climate decreased by 5% to 146 Mtoe, a decrease similar to that in 2022. In 2021, consumption increased by 3% after an 8% drop in 2020. Previously, between 2003 and 2019, energy consumption at normal climate decreased by almost 2%/year.
Graph: CONSUMPTION TRENDS BY ENERGY SOURCE (Mtoe)
Interactive Chart United Kingdom Total Energy Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
View the detailed fondamentals of the market at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the United Kingdom energy report
United Kingdom Crude Oil Production
Since 2019, crude oil production has declined by more than 10%/year, reaching 34 Mt in 2023. Previously, it rebounded by 5.5%/year between 2014 and 2019 from 40 Mt to 53 Mt. Over 1999-2014, oil production decreased by 8%/year from a peak of 137 Mt to 40 Mt.
The UK became a net crude oil importer in 2005 (18 Mt of net imports in 2023).
Interactive Chart United Kingdom Crude Oil Production
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on refineries, you can request a sample of our EMEA Refineries Dataset
United Kingdom Oil Products Consumption
Oil consumption decreased by 0.9% in 2023 to 50 Mt, following a 2% decline in 2022. It rebounded by 6% in 2021 after a 15% decrease in 2020. Previously, oil consumption declined by 2%/year between 2017 and 2019 after a 2%/year increase between 2013 and 2017, led by the transport and petrochemical sectors. In 2023, oil consumption was 26% below its peak level in 2003.
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Interactive Chart United Kingdom Refined Oil Products Production
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on refineries, you can request a sample of our EMEA Refineries Dataset
United Kingdom Natural Gas Consumption
In 2023, natural gas consumption declined by 10.4% (reaching 67 bcm), after experiencing an 8% decrease in 2022 and a 6% decrease in 2021 and 2020. Between 2016 and 2019, gas consumption was relatively stable at around 80 bcm. Previously, gas consumption increased by 14% between 2014 and 2016, after a 30% decline over 2004-2014.
Graph: NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION (bcm)
Interactive Chart United Kingdom Natural Gas Domestic Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on the LNG trade, you can request a sample of our EMEA LNG Trade Dataset
United Kingdom Coal Consumption
Coal consumption continued to decline by 13% in 2023 to 6.8 Mt, following a 15% decrease in 2022. In 2021, it increased by 4%, following a slight rebound in coal-fired generation. In 2020, it dropped by 9%. Previously, it had decreased by 21%/year between 2012 and 2020 due to the closure of numerous coal-fired power plants.
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Interactive Chart United Kingdom Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
View the detailed consumption trends at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the United Kingdom energy report
United Kingdom Power Consumption
In 2023, electricity consumption declined by 3.3% to 269 TWh, after a 4.5% decrease in 2022. In 2021, it rebounded by 1.2% after a 5.2% drop in 2020. Between 2005 and 2019, electricity consumption declined on average by 1.2%/year. In 2023, electricity consumption was 25% below its peak level in 2005.
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)
Households are the main electricity consumers (36%), followed by services (29%) and industry (29%).
United Kingdom Renewable in % Electricity Production
In 2023, the government committed to fully decarbonise the power system by 2035. This commitment includes the development of up to 50 GW of offshore wind by 2030 (5 GW of which is floating offshore wind). Previously, the National Infrastructure Commission (NIC, 2020) updated its target for deployment of renewables, from 50% to 65% of the power mix by 2030 (48% in 2023).
The target of 20 GW of solar in 2020 set in the Solar Strategy of 2014 was not reached (14 GW end of 2020).
Interactive Chart United Kingdom Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Learn more about renewables in the European Battery Market Analysis
United Kingdom CO2 Fuel Combustion/CO2 Emissions
In its updated NDC (2022), the country aims to reduce its GHG emissions by 68% by 2030 from 1990 level, compared to 53% in the previous NDC.
In November 2024 at United Nations COP29 climate summit, the government announced a new target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions reduction by 81% by 2035 (compared to 1990 levels), enhancing the previous 78% target set into the 2021 law.
In 2019, the United Kingdom adopted a law requiring net-zero GHG emissions by 2050.