United Kingdom Energy Information

United Kingdom Energy Research

- United Kingdom's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: UK energy & climate policy aims for 81% GHG cuts by 2035, net-zero by 2050, via renewables, nuclear, and CCUS, with £40bn annual investment.

- United Kingdom's Energy Companies: UK energy market overview: EDF & RWE lead wholesale power; Octopus, British Gas & E.ON dominate retail. GB Energy established to boost renewables. BP, TotalEnergies & Harbour Energy lead oil/gas production.

- United Kingdom's Energy Supply & Demand: UK’s energy mix now 67% carbon-free, with oil/gas dominant but declining; coal phased out.

- United Kingdom's Energy Use & Price by Sector: Final energy consumption stable since 2023; oil & gas dominate at 72%. Household gas prices fell 2% in 2025. Electricity share rising but remains below OECD average.

- United Kingdom's Issues & Prospects: UK targets 50GW offshore wind & triples nuclear by 2050, with major grid upgrades and carbon budget acceleration.

United Kingdom Total Energy Production & Consumption

In 2025, energy consumption at normal climate decreased by 1% to 144 Mtoe, after a sharp reduction from 2021 to 2023 (-5%/year). In 2021, consumption increased by 3% after an 8% drop in 2020. Previously, between 2003 and 2019, energy consumption at normal climate decreased by almost 2%/year. Consumption per capita reached 2.1 toe in 2025.

Graph: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source

Source: United Kingdom energy report

Interactive Chart United Kingdom Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

United Kingdom Oil Production & Consumption

From 2019 to 2024, production has declined by 10%/year but increased by 2% in 2025 to 31 Mt. Previously, it rebounded by 5.5%/year between 2014 and 2019 from 40 Mt to 53 Mt. Over 1999-2014, oil production decreased by 8%/year from a peak of 137 Mt to 40 Mt.

The UK became a net crude oil importer in 2005 (16 Mt of net imports in 2025).

Source: United Kingdom energy report

Interactive Chart United Kingdom Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart United Kingdom Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

United Kingdom Natural Gas Production & Consumption

Gas production has decreased by 8%/year on average since 2022 to 32 bcm in 2025. In 2022, it increased by 16% following an 18% decline in 2021. It was relatively stable between 2012 and 2020 at around 40 bcm/year. Previously, it decreased by 70% from a peak at 115 bcm in 2000 to 40 bcm in 2013.

The country has been a net importer of gas since 2004. Net imports decreased by 13%/year from 2022 to 2025 to 44 bcm, following a 20% decrease in 2022. Between 2010 and 2020, they decreased by 2%/year, reaching 45 Mt in 2020.

Source: United Kingdom energy report

Interactive Chart United Kingdom Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

United Kingdom Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Coal production virtually stopped in 2024, after a sharp decrease since 2011 (25%/year). Deep mined coal production ceased in 2016. Coal imports have been decreasing sharply since a peak at 51 Mt in 2013 to 5 Mt in 2023 and 3 Mt in 2024 with the closure of several coal-fired power plants. Coal consumption has been decreasing since 2009 (-92% or -15%/year), reaching 1.8 Mt in 2025. Most of the coal is used in industry (62%); the rest being use in coal transformations (12%), power generation (12%) and buildings (12%).

Graph: Coal Production & Consumption

Source: United Kingdom energy report

Interactive Chart United Kingdom Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

United Kingdom Renewable in % Electricity Production

In April 2025, the government updated its Clean Power 2030 Action Plan which aims at delivering 95% of electricity generation through clean sources in 2030. Building on the independent advice from NESO, the plan aims to install 43-50 GW of offshore wind capacity, 27-29 GW of onshore wind capacity, 45-47 GW of solar capacity and 27 GW of grid-connected BESS capacity by 2030.

In 2023, the government committed to fully decarbonise the power system by 2035.

Source: United Kingdom energy report

Interactive Chart United Kingdom Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

United Kingdom GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

The 2025 NDC included the target to reduce GHG emissions by 81% by 2035 (compared to 1990 levels), enhancing the previous 78% target set into the 2021 law. In its 2022 NDC, the country set a reduction target of 68% for 2030.

In 2019, the United Kingdom adopted a law requiring net-zero GHG emissions by 2050.

In 2018, the Scottish Government unveiled an ambitious climate change plan targeting a 66% cut in GHG emissions by 2032, compared to 1990 (59% achieved in 2021).

Source: United Kingdom energy report

Interactive Chart United Kingdom CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data