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United Kingdom energy report

United Kingdom energy report
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Format
4 files (PDF report, 3 Excel files)
Pages
82 (Report only)
Delivery
Immediate by e-mail
Table of Contents
  • GENERAL OVERVIEW
  • ENERGY AND CLIMATE POLICY FRAMEWORK
  • ENERGY COMPANIES
  • ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND
  • ENERGY USE AND PRICE BY SECTOR
  • ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
  • STATISTICS
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • GLOSSARY

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1 490 €

Overview

The UK’s energy and climate policy centres on achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, with ambitious interim targets including an 81% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2035. Key measures include fully decarbonising the power system by 2035, phasing out coal, and expanding renewables—particularly offshore wind—alongside nuclear and carbon capture technologies. Regulatory bodies oversee market reforms, while incentives like Contracts for Difference drive low-carbon investment.

Get more details on the table of contents and data files, as well as the list of graphs and tables by browsing the tabs below.

Highlights

  • The government intends to reduce GHG emissions by 81% in 2035, compared to 1990, and to fully decarbonise the power system at that horizon. Coal is phased out.
  • EDF and RWE are the largest power suppliers, with shares of 17% and 13% of the wholesale market, respectively.
  • Octopus Energy, British Gas, and E.ON are the leading suppliers on the retail electricity and gas market (around 2/3).
  • The share of carbon-free generation in the power mix has increased by 42 points since 2010, reaching 66% in 2024.
  • Final energy consumption at normal climate decreased sharply from 2021 to 2023 and remained stable in 2024.
  • Oil and gas dominate final energy consumption, with 70% of the mix, without changes in the share of electricity.
  • The price of gas for households dropped by 32% in 2024, following a historic 70% surge in 2022.
  • The government plans to reach an offshore wind capacity of 50 GW by 2030 and to triple the nuclear capacity by 2050.
  • Power interconnection projects under development total 167 GW.
2nd
in the world for wind offshore capacity
66%
carbon-free sources in the power mix
-81%
target of GHG emissions reduction in 2035

  • Energy & Climate Policy Framework

    DESNZ, Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, oversees energy and climate change policy.

    Ofgem, the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets regulates the gas and electricity sectors, except in Northern Ireland where the Utility Regulator oversees these markets.

  • Energy Companies

    Electricity:

    The power generation market, which used to be dominated by large, vertically integrated utilities (such as EDF Energy, RWE, and SSE), is becoming more fragmented.

  • Energy Supply & Demand

    Gas:

    Gas production has shown strong fluctuations since 2020; it decreased by 10% in 2024 to 33 bcm, as in 2023, after a 16% increase in 2022 and an 18% decline in 2021. It was relatively stable between 2012 and 2020 at around 40 bcm/year. Previously, gas production decreased by almost 70% from a peak at 115 bcm in 2000 to 40 bcm in 2013.

  • Energy Use and Price by Sector

    Energy Prices in Residential:

    A reduced VAT rate of 5% applies to light fuel oil, natural gas, coal, and electricity for residential use (standard VAT of 20% since 2011).

  • Issues & Prospects

    According to the Sixth Carbon Budget (for 2033-37), outlined in December 2020, total GHG emissions would shrink by 6.1%/year on average over 2020-2035.

  • Graph 1: Final Intensity to GDP
  • Graph 2: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 3: Total Consumption Market Share by Energy (2024)
  • Graph 4: Installed Electric Capacity by Source
  • Graph 5: Installed Electric Capacity by Source (2024)
  • Graph 6: Gross Power Production by Source & Consumption
  • Graph 7: Power Generation by Source (2024)
  • Graph 8: CO2 Intensity of Electricity Generation
  • Graph 9: Crude Oil Production & Consumption
  • Graph 10: Petroleum Products Production & Consumption
  • Graph 11: Gas Production & Consumption
  • Graph 12: Coal Production & Consumption
  • Graph 13: GHG Emissions and CO2-energy Emissions
  • Graph 14: CO2-Emissions per Capita
  • Graph 15: CO2 Intensity to GDP
  • Graph 16: Final Demand Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 17: Final Consumption by Sector
  • Graph 18: Final Consumption Market Share by Sector (2024)
  • Graph 19: Share of Electricity in Total Final Energy Consumption
  • Graph 20: Final Consumption in Industry by Energy Source
  • Graph 21: Energy Prices in Industry (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 22: Final Consumption in Transport by Energy Source
  • Graph 23: Energy Prices in Transport (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 24: Final Consumption in Residential, Services, Agriculture by Energy Source
  • Graph 25: Energy Prices in Residential (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 26: Upcoming New Capacity by Energy Source
  • Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions.
  • Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
  • Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
  • Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.

The United Kingdom energy market data since 1990 and up to is included in the Excel file accompanying the United Kingdom country report.
It showcases the historical evolution, allowing users to easily work with the data.

Key Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Economic indicators: Annual historical economic indicators, energy security, energy efficiency and CO2 emissions.
  • Supply indicators: Annual historical reserves, capacity, production and external trade (imports(+) exports(-) balance).
  • Demand indicators: Annual historical consumption per capita, consumption trends, total consumption, final consumption (per energy and per sector) and electricity consumption total and per sector.
  • Energy Balance: total and per energy.
  • United Kingdom Energy Prices: In addition to the analysis provided on the report we also provided a data set which includes historical details on the United Kingdom energy prices for the follow items: price of premium gasoline (taxes incl.), price of diesel (taxes incl.), price of electricity in industry (taxes incl.), price of electricity for households (taxes incl.), price of natural gas in industry (taxes incl.), prices of natural gas for households (taxes incl.), spot price of Brent and CO2 emissions (from fuel combustion).

The United Kingdom country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.

Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
  • Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
  • CO2: Total CO2 emissions.
  • Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
  • Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO2 emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.