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United Kingdom energy report

United Kingdom energy report
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Format
4 files (PDF report, 3 Excel files)
Pages
81 (Report only)
Delivery
Immediate by e-mail
Table of Contents
  • GENERAL OVERVIEW
  • ENERGY AND CLIMATE POLICY FRAMEWORK
  • ENERGY COMPANIES
  • ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND
  • ENERGY USE AND PRICE BY SECTOR
  • ISSUES AND PROSPECTS
  • STATISTICS
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • GLOSSARY

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1 490 €

Overview

The UK’s energy and climate policy framework aims for a fully decarbonised power sector by 2035, supported by ambitious renewable expansion, nuclear investment, and carbon capture initiatives. Regulatory bodies oversee market reforms, while evolving strategies address grid modernisation, energy security, and emissions reduction across sectors.

Get more details on the table of contents and data files, as well as the list of graphs and tables by browsing the tabs below.

Highlights

  • By 2035,the government intends to fully decarbonise the power mix and to reduce GHG emissions by 81% (vs 1990).
  • EDF and RWE are the largest power suppliers, with shares of 17% and 13% of the wholesale market, respectively.
  • Octopus Energy, British Gas, and E.ON are the leading suppliers on the retail electricity and gas market (around 2/3).
  • The share of carbon-free generation in the power mix has increased by 43 points since 2010 to 67% in 2025.
  • Final energy consumption at normal climate remained stable since 2023, after a sharp decrease since 2021.
  • Oil and gas dominate final energy consumption, with 72% of the mix, without changes in the share of electricity.
  • The price of gas for households continued to decrease in 2025 (-2%) following a 32% drop in 2024.
  • The government plans to raise offshore wind capacity to 50 GW by 2030 and to triple the nuclear capacity by 2050.
  • Power interconnection projects under development total 167 GW.
2nd
in the world for wind offshore capacity
67%
carbon-free sources in the power mix
-81%
target of GHG emissions reduction in 2035

  • Energy & Climate Policy Framework

    DESNZ, Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, oversees energy and climate change policy.

    Ofgem, the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets regulates the gas and electricity sectors, except in Northern Ireland where the Utility Regulator oversees these markets.

  • Energy Companies

    Oil:

    Around half of the production comes from four companies: BP, CNOOC, TotalEnergies, and Harbour Energy.

    CNOOC (China National Offshore Oil Corporation) acquired the production assets of Nexen in 2013.

  • Energy Supply & Demand

    Oil:

    From 2019 to 2024, production has declined by 10%/year but increased by 2% in 2025 to 31 Mt. Previously, it rebounded by 5.5%/year between 2014 and 2019 from 40 Mt to 53 Mt. Over 1999-2014, oil production decreased by 8%/year from a peak of 137 Mt to 40 Mt.

    The UK became a net crude oil importer in 2005 (16 Mt of net imports in 2025).

  • Energy Use and Price by Sector

    Energy Prices in Transport:

    The price of gasoline declined by 5% in 2025 to €1.58/l following a 2% decrease in 2024 and a 12% decrease in 2023. The price of diesel also declined by 5% in 2025 to €1.7/l following a 4% decrease in 2024 and a 12% decline in 2023. In 2022, the price of motor fuels had increased by 24%, after a decrease of 11% in 2021.

  • Issues & Prospects

    As of April 2026, the seventh carbon budget is in its final stage of legislation with statutory deadline for adoption on 30th June 2026 to cover the period from 2038 to 2042.

  • Graph 1: Final Intensity to GDP
  • Graph 2: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 3: Total Consumption Market Share by Energy (2025)
  • Graph 4: Installed Electric Capacity by Source
  • Graph 5: Installed Electric Capacity by Source (2025)
  • Graph 6: Gross Power Production by Source & Consumption
  • Graph 7: Power Generation by Source (2025)
  • Graph 8: CO2 Intensity of Electricity Generation
  • Graph 9: Crude Oil Production & Consumption
  • Graph 10: Petroleum Products Production & Consumption
  • Graph 11: Gas Production & Consumption
  • Graph 12: Coal Production & Consumption
  • Graph 13: Emissions of GHG and CO2 from Fuel Combustion
  • Graph 14: CO2-Emissions per Capita
  • Graph 15: CO2 Intensity to GDP
  • Graph 16: Final Demand Trends by Energy Source
  • Graph 17: Final Consumption by Sector
  • Graph 18: Final Consumption Market Share by Sector (2025)
  • Graph 19: Share of Electricity in Total Final Energy Consumption
  • Graph 20: Final Consumption in Industry by Energy Source
  • Graph 21: Energy Prices in Industry (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 22: Final Consumption in Transport by Energy Source
  • Graph 23: Energy Prices in Transport (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 24: Final Consumption in Residential, Services, Agriculture by Energy Source
  • Graph 25: Energy Prices in Residential (Taxes Included)
  • Graph 26: Upcoming New Capacity by Energy Source
  • Economic Indicators: Annual historical data including population, GDP growth, imports and exports, inflation rate, energy security and efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions.
  • Supply Indicators: Historical data including oil and gas reserves, electric and refining capacity, energy production, power production and external trade. All are detailed by energy source.
  • Demand Indicators: Historical data including consumption per inhabitant, consumption trends, total consumption by energy source, final consumption by energy source and sector, and electricity consumption by sector.
  • Energy Balances: Single table displaying the overall energy industry balance per annum, also graphically displayed by energy sub-segment.

The United Kingdom energy market data since 1990 and up to is included in the Excel file accompanying the United Kingdom country report.
It showcases the historical evolution, allowing users to easily work with the data.

Key Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Economic indicators: Annual historical economic indicators, energy security, energy efficiency and CO2 emissions.
  • Supply indicators: Annual historical reserves, capacity, production and external trade (imports(+) exports(-) balance).
  • Demand indicators: Annual historical consumption per capita, consumption trends, total consumption, final consumption (per energy and per sector) and electricity consumption total and per sector.
  • Energy Balance: total and per energy.
  • United Kingdom Energy Prices: In addition to the analysis provided on the report we also provided a data set which includes historical details on the United Kingdom energy prices for the follow items: price of premium gasoline (taxes incl.), price of diesel (taxes incl.), price of electricity in industry (taxes incl.), price of electricity for households (taxes incl.), price of natural gas in industry (taxes incl.), prices of natural gas for households (taxes incl.), spot price of Brent and CO2 emissions (from fuel combustion).

The United Kingdom country dashboards are complemented with country forecasts from EnerFuture (excel file) with scenario comparison.

Data included in the excelsheet:

  • Demand: Primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, by fuel, by sector.
  • Power: Electricity generation & capacities, by technology.
  • CO2: Total CO2 emissions.
  • Macro-economy: Main macro-economic assumptions.
  • Key indicators: Energy intensity, share of renewables, CO2 emissions per capita and per unit of GDP.