Latvia Key Figures
- Population:
- 1.89 million
- GDP growth rate:
- -0.3 %/year
- Energy independence:
- 72.2%
Data of the last year available: 2023
- Total consumption/GDP:*
- 68.8 (2005=100)
- CO2 Emissions:
- 3.13 tCO2/capita
- Rate of T&D power losses:
- 6.65%
* at purchasing power parity
View all macro and energy indicators in the Latvia energy report
Latvia Energy News
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Latvia Energy Research
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
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Latvia Total Energy Consumption
Energy consumption per capita is 2.2 toe, including 3 400 kWh of electricity, i.e. around 21% below the EU average (2023).
Graph: CONSUMPTION TRENDS BY ENERGY SOURCE (Mtoe)
Total energy consumption has been decreasing by 2%/year since 2018, to 4.3 Mtoe in 2023, after fluctuating around 4.3 Mtoe between 2011 and 2017.
Interactive Chart Latvia Total Energy Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
View the detailed fondamentals of the market at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Latvia energy report
Latvia Crude Oil Production
Latvia does not have a refinery. It imports all its refined products by rail and pipeline from the Lithuanian refinery of Mazeikiai and Finland. Oil product imports have increased by 7.2%/year since 2021 (2.2 Mt in 2023), after dipping by 7%/year between 2016 and 2021; imports in 2022 mainly came from Lithuania (50%), followed by Russia and Finland (both 20%).
Interactive Chart Latvia Crude Oil Production
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on refineries, you can request a sample of our EMEA Refineries Dataset
Latvia Oil Products Consumption
The demand for oil products has recovered slightly since 2012 (+1%/year), reaching 1.4 Mt in 2023. It fell by around 5%/year between 2007 and 2012.
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Transport accounts for nearly 3/4 of oil product consumption (66% in 2023), the residential-tertiary-agriculture sector for 19% and industry for 13% (including non-energy uses).
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2023, %)
Interactive Chart Latvia Refined Oil Products Production
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on refineries, you can request a sample of our EMEA Refineries Dataset
Latvia Natural Gas Consumption
Natural gas consumption fell by 10%/year between 2018 and 2023 to 0.8 bcm. Previously, it decreased by 3%/year between 2010 and 2018.
The power sector, which accounted for more than 35% of total gas consumption in 2023, is no longer the main driver of gas demand, with the residential & services sector (including agriculture) accounting for 30%.
Graph: NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION (bcm)
Graph: GAS CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2023, %)
Interactive Chart Latvia Natural Gas Domestic Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Additionally, for more detailed information on the LNG trade, you can request a sample of our EMEA LNG Trade Dataset
Latvia Coal Consumption
Coal and lignite consumption has fallen steadily since 2010 by 15%/year, after a tenfold decrease between 1990 and 2004 (reduced use for CHP and heat plants). It is now marginal in Latvia's energy mix (less than 1% and 0.1 Mt in 2023).
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Interactive Chart Latvia Coal and Lignite Domestic Consumption
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
View the detailed consumption trends at country level (graphs, tables, analysis) in the Latvia energy report
Latvia Power Consumption
Electricity consumption dropped by 7% between 2021 and 2023 (6.4 TWh). It increased slightly between 2013 and 2021. It had previously soared between 2000 and 2007 (around +6%/year).
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)
Services dominate electricity consumption (39%). They are followed by industry (27%), households (24%), and transport 2% (2023).
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BREAKDOWN BY SECTOR (2023, %)
Latvia Renewable in % Electricity Production
Latvia exceeded by 5 pp the target set by the European Directive for a share of 40% of renewables in 2020 in the final energy consumption. The Strategy 2030 and NECP raised this share to 57% in 2030, including 66% for heat, and 7% for transport (of which 3.5% are advanced biofuels). These targets should be easily reached as, in 2022, the share of renewables was 43.3% (of which 53.3% for electricity, 61% for heat, and 3.1% in transport).
Interactive Chart Latvia Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)
Benefit from up to 2 000 up-to-date data series for 186 countries in Global Energy & CO2 data
Learn more about renewables in the European Battery Market Analysis
Latvia CO2 Fuel Combustion/CO2 Emissions
Latvia issued its NDC in 2023, stating an objective of reducing GHG emissions by 17% for 2030 (compared to 2005 levels). The last version of NECP (2023), plans for a reduction of 65% by 2030 compared to 1990, including a 17% cut in emissions from non-ETS activities by 2030 (compared to 2005).
Total GHG emissions (with international aviation) have increased by almost 50% since 2019, reaching 15.5 MtCO2eq in 2022; they fluctuated quite a lot between 2010 and 2019 (10- 12 MtCO2eq).
Since 2018, CO2 emissions from energy combustion have decreased by 4%/year to 5.9 Mt in 2023.