Latvia Energy Information

Latvia Energy Research

- Latvia's Energy & Climate Policy Framework: Latvia is advancing its energy transition, targeting 61% renewables by 2030, enhancing efficiency, and achieving full synchronisation with the EU power grid to strengthen energy independence.

- Latvia's Energy Companies: Latvia's energy sector is dominated by state-owned Latvenergo in electricity, whilst gas operations are managed by Conexus Baltic Grid and Gaso following market unbundling.

- Latvia's Energy Supply & Demand: Latvia’s energy mix relies heavily on biomass and hydropower. By 2025, the nation successfully synchronised its electricity grid with Europe, significantly reducing its dependency on Russian energy.

- Latvia's Energy Use & Price by Sector: Final energy consumption remains stable, with industrial energy shifting towards renewables. Energy prices are easing post-2022, though household costs remain above EU averages.

- Latvia's Issues & Prospects: Latvia aims to decarbonise its energy sector by expanding renewable capacity, upgrading hydro plants, and developing hydrogen and offshore grid infrastructure to ensure long-term supply security.

Latvia Total Energy Production & Consumption

Since 2010, total energy consumption has fluctuated around 4.3 Mtoe (2025). Biomass is the first fuel in the total energy mix (40% in 2025, +14 pp since 2010), followed by oil (32%, -1 pp) and gas (17%, -16 pp), while hydropower and electricity imports accounted for 11% (+3 pp). The high share of biomass is due to the large domestic wood resources and the significant share of fuelwood in residential consumption (nearly half) and in CHP plants.

Graph: Primary Consumption Trends by Energy Source

Source: Latvia energy report

Interactive Chart Latvia Total Energy Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Latvia Oil Production & Consumption

Latvia does not have a refinery. It imports all its refined products by rail and pipeline from the Lithuanian refinery of Mazeikiai and Finland. Oil product imports have increased by 3.5%/year since 2021 (2.2 Mt in 2025), after falling by 7%/year between 2016 and 2021; imports in 2024 mainly came from Lithuania (49%), followed by Finland (31%) and Russia (16%).

Graph: Petroleum Products Production & Consumption

Source: Latvia energy report

Interactive Chart Latvia Crude Oil Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Interactive Chart Latvia Refined Oil Products Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Latvia Natural Gas Production & Consumption

All gas is imported. Russia was by far the largest supplier until 2021 but was overtaken by Lithuania in 2022 in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. With the ban on Russian gas imports starting in January 2023, Lithuania has become the main gas supplier, accounting for 77% of imports in 2023.

Gas imports fell by 29% in 2022 and have remained stable at around 0.8 bcm since then (-2% to 834 mcm in 2025). Previously, they had reached a peak at 1.8 bcm in 2011 and ranged between 1 bcm and 1.4 bcm until 2021.

Source: Latvia energy report

Interactive Chart Latvia Gas Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Latvia Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Coal and lignite consumption has fallen steadily since 2010 by 15%/year, after a tenfold decrease between 1990 and 2004 (reduced use for CHP and heat plants). It is now marginal in Latvia's energy mix (less than 1% and 27 kt in 2024).

Graph: Coal Production & Consumption

Source: Latvia energy report

Interactive Chart Latvia Coal and Lignite Production & Consumption

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Latvia Renewable in % Electricity Production

The NECP (2024) raised the share of renewables in the final energy consumption to 61% in 2030, including 73% for heat, 65% for buildings, and 29% for transport. These targets should be easily reached as, in 2024, the share of renewables was 45.5% (of which 55.5% for electricity, 61.8% for heat, and 8.8% in transport).

Latvia exceeded by 5 pp the target set by the European Directive for a 40% share of renewables in 2020 in the final consumption.

Source: Latvia energy report

Interactive Chart Latvia Share of Renewables in Electricity Production (incl hydro)

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data

Latvia GHG emissions and CO₂ emissions

The final version of NECP (2024) plans for a reduction of 65% by 2030 compared to 1990, including a 20.5% cut in emissions from non-ETS activities by 2030 (compared to 2005). Latvia has stated an objective of reducing GHG emissions in non-ETS activities by 17% in 2030 compared to 2005 levels.

Source: Latvia energy report

Interactive Chart Latvia CO₂ emissions

Source: Global Energy & CO₂ data